{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:32:22Z","timestamp":1791347542126,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Blood pressure (BP) is the most important modifiable risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Elevated BP is associated with an increased risk of ICH, worse outcome after ICH, and in survivors, higher risks of recurrent ICH, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and cognitive impairment\/dementia. As intensive BP control probably improves the chances of recovery from acute ICH, the early use of intravenous or oral medications to achieve a systolic BP goal of &lt;140 mm\u2009Hg within the first few hours of presentation is reasonable for being applied in most patients. In the long-term, oral antihypertensive drugs should be titrated as soon as possible to achieve a goal BP &lt;130\/80 mm\u2009Hg and again in all ICH patients regardless of age, location, or presumed mechanism of ICH. The degree of sustained BP reduction, rather than the choice of BP-lowering agent(s), is the most important factor for optimizing risk reduction, with varying combinations of thiazide-type diuretics, long-acting calcium channel blockers, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, being the mainstay of therapy. As most patients will require multiple BP-lowering agents, and physician inertia and poor adherence are major barriers to effective BP control, single-pill combination therapy should be considered as the choice of management where available. Increased population and clinician awareness, and innovations to solving patient, provider, and social factors, have much to offer for improving BP control after ICH and more broadly across high-risk groups. It is critical that all physicians, especially those managing ICH patients, emphasize the importance of BP control in their practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.121.036885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T14:24:37Z","timestamp":1654266277000},"page":"2142-2151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Review of Long-Term Blood Pressure Control After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8300-7731","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael T.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.T.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7248-4863","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Craig S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.)."},{"name":"The George Institute China at Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing (C.S.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31878-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.21921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30217-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30506-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70031-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.563932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1268866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000105052.65787.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.28.12.2370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.28.7.1396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000226212.34055.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00075-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.024449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00130-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211043364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.629493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.566257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30196-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.3075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211064076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.1141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00951-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(02)11911-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00590-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00805-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06178-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000106480.76217.6F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60852-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.663047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-0834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2018.1527177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00257-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7404.1427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","volume-title":"Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension in Adults","author":"World Health Organization","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension in Adults. Web Annex A. Summary of evidence. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/vhrm.1.1.9.58940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.2.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61690-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000200702.76436.4b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Factors associated with noncompliance of patients taking antihypertensive medications.","volume":"30","author":"Shaw E","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shaw, E, Anderson, JG, Maloney, M, Jay, SJ, Fagan, D. Factors associated with noncompliance of patients taking antihypertensive medications. Hosp Pharm. 1995;30:201\u20133, 206.","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.10359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01922-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211068671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpt054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpz182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","unstructured":"American Heart Association. Health equity research network on prevention of hypertension. Accessed September 15 2021. https:\/\/professional.heart.org\/en\/research-programs\/strategically-focused-research\/health-equity-research-network-on-prevention-of-hypertension."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcw190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06853"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/icr.2016:3:1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60308-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbp.0000172706.51792.04"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000198541.12640.0f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa963"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:59:38Z","timestamp":1715612378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.121.036885","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}