{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:29:26Z","timestamp":1791646166181,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular events after primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have emerged as a leading cause of poor functional outcomes and mortality during the long-term recovery after an ICH. These events encompass arterial ischemic events such as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, arterial hemorrhagic events that include recurrent ICH, and venous thrombotic events such as venous thromboembolism. The purpose of this review is to summarize the cardiovascular complications after ICH, epidemiology and associated risk factors, and their impact on ICH outcomes. Additionally, we will highlight possible pathophysiological mechanisms to explain the short- and long-term increased risks of ischemic and hemorrhagic events after ICH. Finally, we will highlight potential secondary stroke and venous thrombotic prevention strategies often not considered after ICH, balanced against the risk of ICH recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.122.036884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T09:00:16Z","timestamp":1654678816000},"page":"2131-2141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Cardiovascular Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-8355","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4950-0992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Santosh B.","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (S.B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70089-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70340-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b8b332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324741"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318298a10f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1209-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.671230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.028992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00075-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.26.7.1189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.59.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.31.1.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.556324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000194267.09060.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.589143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.106500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH11-06-0439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018816476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.024449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.3142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987320953394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.037633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000345666.83318.03"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.629493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-326116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873211017723"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19418744211026709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000198868.78546.fc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.959809"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.017142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030836"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.016815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10937-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000513503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.035488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.322469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.29.9.1802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","unstructured":"Anticoagulation in ICH survivors for stroke prevention and recovery (ASPIRE). Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03907046. Accessed March 10 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","unstructured":"Statins in intracerbral hemorrhage (SATURN). Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03936361. Accessed February 15 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","unstructured":"Triple therapy prevention of recurrent intracerebral disease eveNts trial (TRIDENT). Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02699645. Accessed March 1 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03863665. Accessed March 1 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-008-9134-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000064725.62897.A5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X01408010001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9201-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S327676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000133009.24727.9f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000176073.80532.a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000202006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9487-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Long-term risk of venous thromboembolism after stroke.","author":"Murthy SB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murthy, SB, Merkler, AE, Gialdini, G, Chatterjee, A, Iadecola, C, Navi, BB, Kamel, H. Long-term risk of venous thromboembolism after stroke. Stroke. 2017;48. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/str.48.suppl_1.tmp83","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-008-0092-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","first-page":"666","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in stroke.","volume":"157","author":"Brandstater ME","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brandstater, ME. Venous thromboembolism in stroke. West J Med. 1992;157:666\u2013667.","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-021-00345-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following hemorrhagic stroke.","volume":"1","author":"Lee SH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, SH, Jeong, JW, Choi, SK, Kwun, BD. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following hemorrhagic stroke. J Neurocrit Care. 2018;1:20\u201324.","journal-title":"J Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.48.686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00974-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104958"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","first-page":"S379","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in stroke: literature review and implications for clinical practice.","volume":"73","author":"Brandstater ME","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brandstater, ME, Roth, EJ, Siebens, HC. Venous thromboembolism in stroke: literature review and implications for clinical practice. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;73(5-S):S379\u2013S391.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","unstructured":"The Australian and New Zealand Clinical Guidelines for Stroke. Availabe at: https:\/\/appmagicapporg\/#\/guideline\/WE8wOn\/section\/EKyKVL. 2022; Last checked 30\/03\/2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020968424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in over 16s: reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.","author":"Dawoud D LS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dawoud D, LS, Glen, J, Sharpin, C, Committee, NG. Venous thromboembolism in over 16s: reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. NICE Guidelines [NG89]. 2018.","journal-title":"NICE Guidelines [NG89]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61050-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04241.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.008006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.197145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e31825bcdac"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.921072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30184-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910355"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.036884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:59:59Z","timestamp":1715612399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.036884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.036884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.122.036884","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}