{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:58:30Z","timestamp":1793735910396,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) disease course is highly variable even in hereditary forms. Sex may be a possible modifying factor. We investigated biological sex differences in clinical disease course and magnetic resonance imaging-markers in sporadic (sCAA) and Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with D-CAA and sCAA were included from hospital and research databases of the Leiden University Medical Center (2012\u20132020) and Massachusetts General Hospital (1994\u20132012). Key outcomes were: sex differences in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) onset, recurrence and survival (analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival and regression analyses), and sex differences in magnetic resonance imaging-markers in D-CAA (explored using scatterplots), and in sCAA (investigated using regression analysis).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We included 136 patients with D-CAA (mean age 57 years, 56% women, 64% with previous sICH) and 370 patients with sCAA (mean age 76 years, 51% women, all with previous sICH). Men and women with D-CAA did not differ for sICH onset (median age 54 in men and 56 in women [\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.13]). Men with D-CAA had a slightly higher number of sICH compared with women (median 2 versus 1; adjusted RR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1\u20131.9]) and a shorter interval between the first and second sICH (median 1.8 years for men and 3.1 years for women,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02). Men with sCAA had their first sICH at an earlier age (median 75 versus 78 years, respectively,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.003) and more lobar microbleeds (median 1 versus 0,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.022) compared with women with sCAA. No substantial differences were found in the other magnetic resonance imaging markers. Survival after first sICH was comparable between sexes for D-CAA (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.12) and sCAA (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.23).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Men with CAA seem to have an earlier onset (sCAA) and more hemorrhagic disease course (sCAA and D-CAA) compared with women. Future studies are necessary to confirm these findings and determine the underlying role of sex-related factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.122.040823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T19:00:59Z","timestamp":1674500459000},"page":"306-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sex Differences in Onset and Progression of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-8077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma A.","family":"Koemans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Castello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., J.R., A.B.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (J.P.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0953-7133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Rasing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0622-7989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., J.R., A.B.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5182-6676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sabine","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)."},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.V., T.W.v.H., M.A.A.v.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-5237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valentina","family":"Perosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany (V.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3408-9379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thijs W.","family":"van Harten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.V., T.W.v.H., M.A.A.v.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik W.","family":"van Zwet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.W.v.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3140-6882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gisela M.","family":"Terwindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2169-4457","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. Edip","family":"Gurol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-9138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rosand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., J.R., A.B.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1792-8887","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven 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