{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:53:54Z","timestamp":1793206434666,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Robot-assisted arm training is generally delivered in the robot-like manner of planar or mechanical 3-dimensional movements. It remains unclear whether integrating upper extremity (UE) natural coordinated patterns into a robotic exoskeleton can improve outcomes. The study aimed to compare conventional therapist-mediated training to the practice of human-like gross movements derived from 5 typical UE functional activities managed with exoskeletal assistance as needed for patients after stroke.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this randomized, single-blind, noninferiority trial, patients with moderate-to-severe UE motor impairment due to subacute stroke were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 20 sessions of 45-minute exoskeleton-assisted anthropomorphic movement training or conventional therapy. Treatment allocation was masked from independent assessors, but not from patients or investigators. The primary outcome was the change in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity from baseline to 4 weeks against a prespecified noninferiority margin of 4 points. Superiority would be tested if noninferiority was demonstrated. Post hoc subgroup analyses of baseline characteristics were performed for the primary outcome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Between June 2020 and August 2021, totally 80 inpatients (67 [83.8%] males; age, 51.9\u00b19.9 years; days since stroke onset, 54.6\u00b138.0) were enrolled, randomly assigned to the intervention, and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The mean Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity change in exoskeleton-assisted anthropomorphic movement training (14.73 points; [95% CI, 11.43\u201318.02]) was higher than that of conventional therapy (9.90 points; [95% CI, 8.15\u201311.65]) at 4 weeks (adjusted difference, 4.51 points [95% CI, 1.13\u20137.90]). Moreover, post hoc analysis favored the patient subgroup (Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity score, 23\u201338 points) with moderately severe motor impairment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Exoskeleton-assisted anthropomorphic movement training appears to be effective for patients with subacute stroke through repetitive practice of human-like movements. Although the results indicate a positive sign for exoskeleton-assisted anthropomorphic movement training, further investigations into the long-term effects and paradigm optimization are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\">https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>\n              ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100044078.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.122.041480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T09:00:56Z","timestamp":1683536456000},"page":"1464-1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Exoskeleton-Assisted Anthropomorphic Movement Training for the Upper Limb After Stroke: The EAMT Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1688-0028","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ze-Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.-J.C., J.X., N.X., X.-L.H.)."},{"name":"World Health Organization Cooperative Training and Research Center in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China (Z.-J.C., J.X., N.X., X.-L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-0998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Equipment Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (C.H., C.-H.X.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (C.H., C.-H.X.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.-J.C., J.X., N.X., X.-L.H.)."},{"name":"World Health Organization Cooperative Training and Research Center in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China (Z.-J.C., J.X., N.X., X.-L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan-Juan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China (C.-J.Z., J.W., 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