{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:19:41Z","timestamp":1789823981388,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) occurs in about half of stroke survivors. Cumulative evidence indicates that functional outcomes of stroke are worse in women than men. Yet it is unknown whether the occurrence and characteristics of PSCI differ between men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individual patient data from 9 cohorts of patients with ischemic stroke were harmonized and pooled through the Meta-VCI-Map consortium (n=2343, 38% women). We included patients with visible symptomatic infarcts on computed tomography\/magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessment within 15 months after stroke. PSCI was defined as impairment in \u22651 cognitive domains on neuropsychological assessment. Logistic regression analyses were performed to compare men to women, adjusted for study cohort, to obtain odds ratios for PSCI and individual cognitive domains. We also explored sensitivity and specificity of cognitive screening tools for detecting PSCI, according to sex (Mini-Mental State Examination, 4 cohorts, n=1814; Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 3 cohorts, n=278).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PSCI was found in 51% of both women and men. Men had a lower risk of impairment of attention and executive functioning (men: odds ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61\u20130.96]), and language (men: odds ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.45\u20130.85]), but a higher risk of verbal memory impairment (men: odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.17\u20131.75]). The sensitivity of Mini-Mental State Examination (&lt;25) for PSCI was higher for women (0.53) than for men (0.27;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02), with a lower specificity for women (0.80) than men (0.96;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (&lt;26.) for PSCI was comparable between women and men (0.91 versus 0.86;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.62 and 0.29 versus 0.28;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.86, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex was not associated with PSCI occurrence but affected domains differed between men and women. The latter may explain why sensitivity of the Mini-Mental State Examination for detecting PSCI was higher in women with a lower specificity compared with men. These sex differences need to be considered when screening for and diagnosing PSCI in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.123.042507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T05:00:23Z","timestamp":1691470823000},"page":"2296-2303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Sex Differences in Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Multicenter Study in 2343 Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1475-536X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lieza G.","family":"Exalto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, the Netherlands (L.G.E., N.A.W., I.M.C.H.W., L.J.K., M.J.E.v.Z., J.M.B., G.J.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8425-8436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nick A.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, the Netherlands (L.G.E., N.A.W., I.M.C.H.W., L.J.K., M.J.E.v.Z., J.M.B., G.J.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6997-9059","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hugo J.","family":"Kuijf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3032-8843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hugo P.","family":"Aben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (H.P.A., P.L.M.d.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-1997","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hee-Joon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (H.-J.B., J.K., B.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan G.","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom (J.G.B., D.J.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3916-6422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Bordet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience &amp; Cognition, F-Lille, France (R.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1047-9225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher P.L.H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore (C.P.L.H.C., S.H., X.X.)."},{"name":"Memory, Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (C.P.L.H.C., B.G., S.H., X.X.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8726-9587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruben S.","family":"van der Giessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.v.d.G., P.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6789-6620","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivier","family":"Godefroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Amiens University hospital, Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences, Jules Verne Picardy University, France (O.G., M.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibek","family":"Gyanwali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory, Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (C.P.L.H.C., B.G., S.H., X.X.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-0058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivia K.L.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (O.K.L.H., M.d.C.V.-H., J.M.W.)."},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (O.K.L.H., M.d.C.V.-H., J.M.W.)."},{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing (O.K.L.H.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5434-5635","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saima","family":"Hilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore (C.P.L.H.C., S.H., X.X.)."},{"name":"Memory, Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (C.P.L.H.C., B.G., S.H., X.X.)."},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (S.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene M.C.","family":"Huenges Wajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, the Netherlands (L.G.E., N.A.W., I.M.C.H.W., L.J.K., M.J.E.v.Z., J.M.B., G.J.B.)."},{"name":"Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (I.M.C.H.W., M.J.E.v.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-9532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonguk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (H.-J.B., J.K., B.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8665-6630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L. 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