{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:38:08Z","timestamp":1792550288841,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Respiratory and urinary tract infections are frequent complications in patients with severe stroke. Stroke-associated infection is mainly due to opportunistic commensal bacteria of the microbiota that may translocate from the gut. We investigated the mechanisms underlying gut dysbiosis and poststroke infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using a model of transient cerebral ischemia in mice, we explored the relationship between immunometabolic dysregulation, gut barrier dysfunction, gut microbial alterations, and bacterial colonization of organs, and we explored the effect of several drug treatments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Stroke-induced lymphocytopenia and widespread colonization of lung and other organs by opportunistic commensal bacteria. This effect correlated with reduced gut epithelial barrier resistance, and a proinflammatory sway in the gut illustrated by complement and nuclear factor-\u03baB activation, reduced number of gut regulatory T cells, and a shift of gut lymphocytes to \u03b3\u03b4T cells and T helper 1\/T helper 17 phenotypes. Stroke increased conjugated bile acids in the liver but decreased bile acids and short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Gut fermenting anaerobic bacteria decreased while opportunistic facultative anaerobes, notably Enterobacteriaceae, suffered an expansion. Anti-inflammatory treatment with a nuclear factor-\u03baB inhibitor fully abrogated the Enterobacteriaceae overgrowth in the gut microbiota induced by stroke, whereas inhibitors of the neural or humoral arms of the stress response were ineffective at the doses used in this study. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory treatment did not prevent poststroke lung colonization by Enterobacteriaceae.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Stroke perturbs homeostatic neuro-immuno-metabolic networks facilitating a bloom of opportunistic commensals in the gut microbiota. However, this bacterial expansion in the gut does not mediate poststroke infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.123.042755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T09:00:46Z","timestamp":1685005246000},"page":"1875-1887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Poststroke Lung Infection by Opportunistic Commensal Bacteria Is Not Mediated by Their Expansion in the Gut Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7589-2547","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"D\u00edaz-Marugan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas de Barcelona (IIBB) (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.J., A.M.P.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."},{"name":"Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina (L.D.-M.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-914X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mattia","family":"Gallizioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas de Barcelona (IIBB) (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.J., A.M.P.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Kisinousky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas de Barcelona (IIBB) (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.J., A.M.P.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Arboleya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain (S.A., M. Gueimonde, C.G.d.l.R.-G.)."},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain (S.A., M. Gueimonde, C.G.d.l.R.-G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalaura","family":"Mastrangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.M., D.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7933-2287","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisca","family":"Ruiz-Ja\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas de Barcelona (IIBB) (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.J., A.M.P.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Pedragosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas de Barcelona (IIBB) (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.J., A.M.P.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Climent","family":"Casals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."},{"name":"Servei de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain (C.C., F.J.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain (C.C., F.J.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ramos-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya (IQAC) (S.R.-R., J.L.T.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Now with Facultat de Biologia (S.R.-R.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Traserra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Institut de Neuroci\u00e8ncies, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (S.T., M.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0969-6158","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carles","family":"Justicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas de Barcelona (IIBB) (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.J., A.M.P.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-901X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miguel","family":"Gueimonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain (S.A., M. Gueimonde, C.G.d.l.R.-G.)."},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain (S.A., M. Gueimonde, C.G.d.l.R.-G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6602-7332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcel","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Institut de Neuroci\u00e8ncies, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (S.T., M.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5072-8265","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Josep Llu\u00eds","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya (IQAC) (S.R.-R., J.L.T.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4763-5252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xabier","family":"Urra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."},{"name":"Unitat Funcional de Patolog\u00eda Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain (X.U., A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0493-5340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Chamorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."},{"name":"Unitat Funcional de Patolog\u00eda Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain (X.U., A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.M., D.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9396-6311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clara G.","family":"de los Reyes-Gavil\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain (S.A., M. Gueimonde, C.G.d.l.R.-G.)."},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain (S.A., M. Gueimonde, C.G.d.l.R.-G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3936-2693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesc","family":"Mir\u00f3-Mur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."},{"name":"Now with Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6147-1880","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna M.","family":"Planas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas de Barcelona (IIBB) (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.J., A.M.P.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (L.D.-M., M. Gallizioli, L.M.-K., F.R.-J., J.P., C.C., C.J., X.U., A.C., F.M.-M., A.M.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873211056445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000258346.68966.9d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4194"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1114-16.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00054.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0475-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1612836114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2011.01261.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000205514"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.25723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0181-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02756.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1861"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1359-19.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.316448"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011800"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.042755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:44:45Z","timestamp":1715611485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.042755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.042755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.123.042755","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}