{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:56:46Z","timestamp":1792814206413,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke triggers a multifaceted and dynamic immune response, engaging both innate and adaptive mechanisms that evolve in distinct spatial patterns. While these processes contribute to tissue repair and debris clearance, they also drive secondary injury, shape long-term recovery, and predispose patients to life-threatening complications such as infections and recurrent vascular events. Importantly, preexisting systemic inflammation and immune alterations may interact with the poststroke immune cascade, amplifying risk for complicating outcomes. Despite recent advances, the translation of immunomodulatory therapies remains limited, highlighting the need for a better understanding of immune mechanisms in human stroke. Blood-based biomarkers, including cytokines, chemokines, alarmins, and immune cell profiles, have not only emerged as promising tools to monitor the poststroke immune response but also as potential therapeutic targets. At the same time, advanced neuroimaging techniques are opening new avenues to visualize blood-brain barrier breakdown, microglial activation, and other hallmarks of cerebral inflammation. Together, these circulating and imaging biomarkers offer complementary insights into the evolving brain-immune crosstalk after stroke. This review synthesizes current concepts of poststroke immune responses, systemic interactions, and the role of established and emerging blood-based and imaging biomarkers. We highlight the translational potential of integrative biomarker strategies to improve individualized prognosis, guide precision therapies, and ultimately bridge the gap between mechanistic discovery and clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.125.051472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T09:02:52Z","timestamp":1779872572000},"page":"1856-1870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Taking a Glimpse Into the Brain\u2019s Immune System: Imaging and Blood-Based Biomarkers of the Poststroke Immune Response"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7570-8723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Salome L.","family":"Bosshart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (S.L.B., J.E.K., G.M.G.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS\/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/CSIC\/University of Seville, Spain (A.F.-V., J.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7744-2796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Josefin E.","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (S.L.B., J.E.K., G.M.G.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8895-0894","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Stebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.S.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8817-8457","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steffen","family":"Tiedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany (S.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-2279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joan","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS\/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/CSIC\/University of Seville, Spain (A.F.-V., J.M.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, Spain (J.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0029-6764","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johanna","family":"Ospel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging (J.O.), Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, AB, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.), Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, AB, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5335-9880","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gerrit M.","family":"Grosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (S.L.B., J.E.K., G.M.G.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland (G.M.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-2236(99)01401-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.5.941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2019-0099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000256294.46009.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03033-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1338.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06668.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-022-01090-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2439-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0907606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X18666200620230321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.661955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1516-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202216269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adx0043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.659656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-025-02311-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000242290.01174.9e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.125.051498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0350-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00694-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02552-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02057-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03723-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-022-10056-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.82031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00971-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.88"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0082(98)00034-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-00957-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1716-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.94.5.939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00470.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15610339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.020750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.626648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000071885.63724.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.035820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000528"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.532085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH10-10-0662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385640a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.18.10896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.657411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-74"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3611-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5728(02)00033-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay1913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.046117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.11.18.23298728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02177-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030872"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.493635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005743107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.879157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-024-03004-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07803-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2023.107255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78941-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.021070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2001.1362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.318974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.038349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102835"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873251329993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. ZEUS - a research study to look at how ziltivekimab works compared to placebo in people with cardiovascular disease chronic kidney disease and inflammation (ZEUS). NIH. Accessed September 1 2025. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05021835?tab=table.2025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. Reduction of SystemiC Inflammation After Ischemic Stroke by Intravenous DNase Administration (ReSCInD) (ReSCInD). 2025. Accessed September 1 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.040529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.032613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000089015.51603.CC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0058-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.032622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI180068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1701719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.037388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2022-001756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01566-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-023-00990-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.008147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.632356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000144051.32131.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.4.906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000118379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-006-0183-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2023.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05166-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03178-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1987.253.3.R459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.22662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2023.108336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221148970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00765-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/3777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231161207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06799-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05734.x"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.125.051472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T19:36:45Z","timestamp":1785958605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.125.051472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.125.051472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.125.051472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-12","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}