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A chemokine CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2), acting via its receptor CCR2 (C-C chemokine receptor type 2), is a prominent chemoattractant involved in the recruitment of CD4+T cells and monocytes\/macrophages, which are primary targets for HIV infection. Due to its role in directing leukocyte migration into the brain and enhancing blood-brain barrier permeability, CCL2 is also a critical mediator of neuroinflammation after brain damage, such as ischemic stroke. 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