{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:26:54Z","timestamp":1791390414115,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The optimal strategy for managing M2 segment occlusions of the middle cerebral artery, whether with direct endovascular treatment (EVT) or bridging therapy with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before EVT, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of both approaches.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with M2 segment occlusions of the middle cerebral artery, treated between March 2014 and December 2018, were identified from the MR CLEAN Registry (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands), a prospective, nationwide, multicenter registry of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular treatment during that period. They were divided into 2 groups: those who received IVT followed by EVT, and those who received EVT alone. Primary outcomes included functional outcomes at 90 days, assessed by ordinal logistic regression analysis of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Secondary outcomes included recanalization rates measured by extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scores, dichotomized mRS scores (0\u20131, 0\u20132, and 0\u20133), death at 90 days, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. All analyses were performed using both unadjusted and adjusted multivariable approaches, with adjustment achieved through inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for baseline imbalances, including age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, prior stroke, history of atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant use, and transfer status.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              A total of 539 patients with M2 occlusions were included in the analysis: 377 received IVT+EVT and 162 received EVT alone. The median age was significantly lower in the IVT+EVT group compared with the EVT-alone group (71 [61\u201379] versus 74 [65\u201381];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.01), whereas the proportion of male patients was similar between groups (55.2% versus 51.9%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.15). At 90 days, inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis showed that IVT+EVT was significantly associated with reduced disability compared with EVT alone (adjusted common odds ratio for mRS score, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.04\u20132.21];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03). Dichotomized functional outcomes and mortality were numerically in favor of IVT+EVT, with higher rates of mRS score of 0 to 1 (38.9% versus 29.7%, aOR, 1.40 [95% CI, 0.85\u20132.30];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.19), mRS score of 0 to 2 (57.8% versus 46.5%; aOR, 1.42 [95% CI, 0.88\u20132.29];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.15), and mRS score of 0 to 3 (73.2% versus 59.4%, aOR, 1.54 [95% CI, 0.94\u20132.51];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.09), as well as lower 90-day mortality (17.2% versus 25.8%; aOR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.47\u20131.45];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.51). In contrast, recanalization rates and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were numerically in favor of EVT alone, but all these differences were not statistically significant (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &gt;0.05).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Bridging therapy may yield superior functional outcomes compared with EVT alone for patients with the middle cerebral artery\u2013M2 occlusions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.125.051967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T09:00:15Z","timestamp":1756458015000},"page":"2866-2878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Direct Endovascular Versus Bridging Therapy in M2 Segment Occlusion of Middle Cerebral Artery: A MR CLEAN Registry Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8279-5078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed F.","family":"Doheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (M.F.D., R.G.N.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology (R.R.M.M.K., J.S., R.J.v.O., M.F.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4677-3685","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robrecht R.M.M.","family":"Knapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.R.M.M.K., C.v.d.L., W.H.v.Z.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, the Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Neurology (R.R.M.M.K., J.S., R.J.v.O., M.F.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, the Netherlands."},{"name":"School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (R.R.M.M.K., R.J.v.O., W.H.v.Z.)."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands (R.R.M.M.K., C.v.d.L., W.H.v.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9502-6937","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie","family":"Staals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology (R.R.M.M.K., J.S., R.J.v.O., M.F.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter J.","family":"Schonewille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9234-3515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diederik 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