{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:25:18Z","timestamp":1787757918599,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electromagnetic network-targeted field (ENTF) brain stimulation therapy is a promising approach to reduce poststroke disability. Two pilot, randomized, sham-controlled trials showed safety and signals of efficacy. The aim of this study was to perform a pooled analysis with greater statistical power to characterize with precision the effect of ENTF in promoting recovery and reducing disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We pooled individual patient-level data from 2 double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled studies, BQ3 (BrainQ3 Trial; Unique identifier: NCT04039178) and EMAGINE 1 (Electromagnetic Field Ischemic Stroke-Novel Subacute Treatment Trial; NCT05044507). Key entry criteria in both trials were (1) 4 to 21 days post-ischemic stroke and (2) Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity score of 10 to 45. For EMAGINE 1, an additional criterion was a study entry modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3 to 4. The primary outcome for this pooled analysis was freedom-from-disability (mRS score, 0\u20131) at 8 to 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were level of disability (ordinal mRS score distribution), disability change (delta mRS score) change from entry to 8 to 12 weeks, and 2 focused upper extremity motor end points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Altogether, 124 patients were included (active n=65; sham n=59). The mean age was 58.2\u00b113.1 years, 31% were female, the study entry Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity score was 25.3 (\u00b110.6), and the therapy started 14.5 (\u00b14.9) days poststroke. The study entry mRS score was 3.9 (\u00b10.36), and 123\/124 (99.2%) had a study entry mRS score of 3 to 4. Study entry features were well-balanced across treatment groups. At 8 to 12 weeks, freedom-from-disability was higher with active ENTF than sham stimulation (33.8% versus 11.9%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.005). Ordinal shift across 3 disability strata (mRS score, 0\u20131, 2, and &gt;2) also favored ENTF (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.009). Focused upper extremity motor end points nonsignificantly favored ENTF. Safety analyses showed no device- or procedure-related serious adverse events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In pooled data from 2 randomized, sham-controlled trials, treatment with ENTF compared with sham for patients with subacute ischemic stroke with moderate-severe study entry disability yielded increased achieved freedom-from-disability, greater disability improvement from study entry, and reduced final disability level. These findings, together with an attractive safety profile, support ENTF as a promising therapy for stroke recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.125.054959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:08:58Z","timestamp":1782896938000},"page":"2813-2821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["ENTF Neuromodulation Yields Reduced Disability After Stroke: An Individual Participant-Level Data Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9141-2251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Saver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.L.S., S.C.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5527-025X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joel","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (J.S.)."},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (J.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6214-6211","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven C.","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.L.S., S.C.C.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, California Rehabilitation Institute, Los Angeles (S.C.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4838-3253","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pamela W.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Wake Forest, Winston-Salem, NC (P.W.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2409-617X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Batsheva Sarah","family":"Weisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain.Q Technologies Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel (B.S.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6525-7514","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dharam P.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Manipal Hospital Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, New Delhi, India 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