{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:57:52Z","timestamp":1789797472547,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SVIN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation (RACE) score can identify patients with anterior circulation large\u2010vessel occlusion (aLVO) ischemic stroke for transportation to a comprehensive stroke center for endovascular thrombectomy. However, patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) may also benefit from direct transportation to a comprehensive stroke center for neurosurgical treatment. We aimed to assess if the RACE score can distinguish patients with ICH in addition to aLVO stroke from other patients with suspected stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We analyzed data from the LPSS (Leiden Prehospital Stroke Study), a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study in 2 Dutch ambulance regions. Ambulance paramedics documented prehospital observations in all patients aged \u226518 years with suspected stroke. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of a positive RACE score (\u22655 points) for a diagnosis of ICH or aLVO stroke, compared with patients with non\u2010aLVO stroke, transient ischemic attack, or stroke mimic. In addition, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis and calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We included 2004 patients with a stroke code, of whom 149 had an ICH, 153 had an aLVO stroke, 687 had a non\u2010aLVO stroke, 262 had a transient ischemic attack, and 753 had a stroke mimic. Patients with ICH and aLVO stroke more often had a positive RACE score than other patients with suspected stroke (46.2% and 58.0%, respectively, versus 6.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01). A positive RACE score had a sensitivity of 52.7%, a specificity of 93.6%, a positive predictive value of 55.4%, and a negative predictive value of 92.9% for a diagnosis of ICH or aLVO stroke. In multivariable analysis, a positive RACE score had the strongest association with ICH or aLVO stroke (adjusted OR, 10.11 [95% CI, 6.84\u201314.93]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our study shows that the RACE score can also identify patients with ICH in addition to aLVO stroke. This emphasizes the potential of the RACE score for improving prehospital triage and allocation of patients with stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/svin.123.000947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T02:10:55Z","timestamp":1691547055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prehospital Triage of Intracranial Hemorrhage and Anterior Large\u2010Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke: Value of the Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0958-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luuk","family":"Dekker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor J.","family":"Geraedts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Hubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology Leiden University Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dion","family":"Duijndam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medical Services Haaglanden The Hague the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel D.J.","family":"Durieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medical Services Hollands\u2010Midden Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loes","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medical Services Haaglanden The Hague the Netherlands"},{"name":"Emergency Department Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis Delft the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter A.","family":"Moojen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Haaglanden Medical Center The Hague the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Haga Teaching Hospital The Hague the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"University NeuroVascular Center, Leiden\u2013The Hague the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik W.","family":"van Zwet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke J.H.","family":"Wermer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"University NeuroVascular Center, Leiden\u2013The Hague the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyika D.","family":"Kruyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"University NeuroVascular Center, Leiden\u2013The Hague the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ido R. van den","family":"Wijngaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"University NeuroVascular Center, Leiden\u2013The Hague the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Haaglanden Medical Center The Hague the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30034-1","article-title":"a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Collaborators GS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Collaborators GS. 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