{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T00:46:02Z","timestamp":1793925962084,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SVIN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At-home stroke rehabilitation methods have strong potential to supplement limited clinical resources, but realizing that potential for survivors in the chronic phase of recovery requires developing and validating more effective options than the home exercise programs typically used today. BCI-REHAB (At-Home BCI Rehabilitation Therapy for Chronic Upper Extremity Deficit After Stroke) compared an at-home brain-computer interface (BCI) therapy system (IpsiHand System) versus an at-home exercise program for improving upper extremity function in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants aged 18 to 85 years with a history of stroke \u22656 months before enrollment and right or left upper extremity paresis or plegia were screened and randomly assigned to either an at-home exercise program or to a BCI electroencephalogram system coupled to a range-of-motion assist handpiece. Participants completed 12 weeks of at-home therapy (5 sessions per week). The primary outcome was the change in the Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment from baseline to 12 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 109 participants were assessed for eligibility; 85 met the inclusion criteria and were randomized (43 intervention, 42 control). Of the 42 control participants, n=17 declined to participate further due to dissatisfaction with study arm assignment. A total of 62 participants were analyzed for the primary outcome (37 intervention, 25 control). The primary outcome (mean change) was significantly higher in the BCI group (6.0 [95% CI, 3.9\u20138.1];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001) versus the control group (1.5 [95% CI, \u22120.1 to 3.1];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.07), with an estimated treatment difference of 4.5 ([95% CI, 1.9\u20137.1];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.0007). Participants who received the BCI intervention showed an estimated response rate of 55.5% (95% CI, 33.7%\u201377.2%), compared with 9.6% (95% CI, \u22122.9% to 22.1%) in the control group. This corresponds to an absolute increase in response of 45.8% ([95% CI, 20.9%\u201370.8%];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.0003), yielding a number needed to treat of 2.2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At-home BCI therapy provides clinically meaningful improvement in upper extremity function for chronic stroke survivors compared with standard at-home exercise programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>REGISTRATION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifier: NCT05965713.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/svin.126.002345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T09:00:20Z","timestamp":1786611620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["At-Home BCI Rehabilitation Therapy for Chronic Upper Extremity Deficit After Stroke (BCI-REHAB): A Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05965713","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-3135","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric C.","family":"Leuthardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurotechnology, Department of Neurological Surgery (E.C.L., B.T.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO."},{"name":"Center for Innovation in Neuroscience and Technology, Division of Neurotechnology (E.C.L.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO."},{"name":"Neurolutions, Inc, Kandu, Inc, Van Nuys, CA (E.C.L., S.J.W., L.S., K.B.C., R.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth J.","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurolutions, Inc, Kandu, Inc, Van Nuys, CA (E.C.L., S.J.W., L.S., K.B.C., R.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Souders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurolutions, Inc, Kandu, Inc, Van Nuys, CA (E.C.L., S.J.W., L.S., K.B.C., R.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly B.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurolutions, Inc, Kandu, Inc, Van Nuys, CA (E.C.L., S.J.W., L.S., K.B.C., R.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Coker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurolutions, Inc, Kandu, Inc, Van Nuys, CA (E.C.L., S.J.W., L.S., K.B.C., R.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Wilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (G.E.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Zuleger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neuro Hub, Advanced Neurological Rehab, Altamonte Springs, FL (D.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6392-6634","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin T.","family":"Acland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurotechnology, Department of Neurological Surgery (E.C.L., B.T.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1161-4396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandre R.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery (A.R.C.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Tables of Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: 2018 National Health Interview Survey","author":"Villarroel M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villarroel M, Blackwell D, Jen A. 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