{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T22:42:13Z","timestamp":1649198533814},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Croatian Society for Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochem. med. (Online)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In previous research projects and clinical settings, alcohol analysis in oral fluid (saliva) has been used as an alternative to breath or blood alcohol testing. In this study we examined whether it is possible to obtain clinically relevant data regarding alcohol consumption in individuals who recently consumed alcohol by analysing oral fluid samples when the recommended rinsing of the mouth is impossible before sample collection.\nWe conducted a study of 89 nightclub patrons in Norway. Before collecting oral fluid samples and performing breath alcohol testing, participants were required to drink a glass of water to remove residual alcohol from the mouth. Oral fluid samples were collected with the Quantisal oral fluid collection device and analysed using an enzymatic method for alcohol. The alcohol concentration in the neat (undiluted) oral fluid was then calculated. Breath alcohol testing was performed using Lion Alcolmeter 500 instruments.\nNo false-negative or false-positive results for alcohol were detected in the oral fluid when compared with those in the breath. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.40 indicated a poor correlation between alcohol concentrations in the two sample types.\nThe procedure for collecting oral fluid was suitable for the qualitative determination of alcohol intake but not for quantitative assessment. We recommend that oral fluid samples should not be used for estimating blood or breath alcohol concentrations in people who have recently consumed alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages, as recommended in the instructions for use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11613\/bm.2022.010902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T09:21:16Z","timestamp":1639992076000},"page":"111-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Poor correlation between alcohol concentration in oral fluid and breath in subjects consuming beverages immediately before testing"],"prefix":"10.11613","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Anne Line","family":"Bretteville-Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5vard","family":"Furuhaugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hallvard","family":"Gjerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4885","reference":[{"key":"key20211220042111_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.5.743","article-title":"Measuring ethanol in blood and breath for legal purposes: variability between laboratories and between breath-test instruments.","volume":"38","author":"Jones","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0560283","article-title":"Correlation of ethanol concentrations in blood and saliva.","volume":"56","author":"McColl","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.9.1837","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of ethanol in saliva: comparison with blood and breath alcohol profiles, subjective feelings of intoxication, and diminished performance.","volume":"39","author":"Jones","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/19.3.169","article-title":"Measuring ethanol in saliva with the QED enzymatic test device: comparison of results with blood- and breath-alcohol concentrations.","volume":"19","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.18.4.250","article-title":"Saliva alcohol concentrations in accident and emergency attendances.","volume":"18","author":"Simpson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.951","article-title":"Prevalence of psychoactive substances in Dutch and Belgian traffic.","volume":"73","author":"Houwing","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3978.57","article-title":"Alcohol breath tests: gross errors in current methods of measuring alveolar gas concentrations.","volume":"172","author":"Spector","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r8"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r9","unstructured":"Immunalysis. Quantisal - Frequently Asked Questions. Pomona, CA: Immunalysis Corporation; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.immunalysis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Quantisal_FAQ_Trifold_MKT-1022-RevB_2.pdf. Accessed October 15th 2021."},{"key":"key20211220042111_r10","unstructured":"Lion Laboratories. Lion Alcolmeter 500 - User handbook. Vale of Glamorgan, UK: Lion Laboratories Limited; 2015. Available from: https:\/\/www.lionlaboratories.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/500-Mk-IV-RM50737-Rev-3.pdf. Accessed October 15th 2021."},{"key":"key20211220042111_r11","first-page":"380","article-title":"Trinkversuche mit dem Lion Alcolmeter\u00ae 500 \u2013 Atemalkohol versus Blutalkohol I","volume":"46","author":"Iten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blutalkohol"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r12","first-page":"161","article-title":"Saliva as an alternative specimen for alcohol determination in the human body.","volume":"54","author":"Guba\u0142a","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pol J Pharmacol"},{"key":"key20211220042111_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/00085030.2002.10757550","article-title":"Comparison of Ethanol Concentrations in Saliva and Blood.","volume":"35","author":"Guba\u0142a","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can Soc Forensic Sci J."}],"container-title":["Biochemia medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biochemia-medica.com\/en\/journal\/32\/1\/10.11613\/BM.2022.010902\/fullArticle","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T07:10:59Z","timestamp":1645513859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biochemia-medica.com\/en\/journal\/32\/1\/10.11613\/BM.2022.010902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/bm.2022.010902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1846-7482","1330-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1846-7482","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1330-0962","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]}}}