{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:34:58Z","timestamp":1791473698285,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Croatian Society for Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochem. med. (Online)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting exocrine glands and is frequently accompanied by depression and anxiety. Proinflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin 6 (IL-6), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both pSS and mood disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between inflammatory markers, disease activity, and psychological symptoms in patients with pSS. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 female patients diagnosed with pSS at Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center between 2019 and 2021. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Inflammatory biomarkers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, ferritin, fibrinogen, CRP, C3, C4, IL-6) and disease activity indices (ESSDAI, ESSPRI) were analyzed. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were applied to determine independent predictors of depression and anxiety. Results: Depression was detected in 39\/60 of patients, while 34\/60 exhibited anxiety symptoms. Patients with either depression or anxiety had significantly higher IL-6 concentration (P &amp;lt; 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Logistic regression identified IL-6 as an independent predictor of depression (OR = 3.23, 95%CI: 1.07 - 9.80, P = 0.038), while ESSPRI fatigue was a significant predictor of anxiety (OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.13 \u2013 3.58, P = 0.018). Conclusions: The findings suggest that IL-6 could be a predictor of pSS-related depression, potentially serving as a biomarker for this extraglandular manifestation and ESSPRI fatigue as a predictor for anxiety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11613\/bm.2025.030701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T07:17:41Z","timestamp":1754551061000},"page":"413-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of inflammatory markers with depression and anxiety in female patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.11613","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Fanika","family":"Mrsi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center","place":["Zagreb, Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Vukasovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center","place":["Zagreb, Croatia"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","place":["Zagreb, Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Te\u0161ija Kuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center","place":["Zagreb, Croatia"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","place":["Zagreb, Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bla\u017eenka","family":"Ladika Davidovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center","place":["Zagreb, Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasenka","family":"Markeljevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center","place":["Zagreb, Croatia"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb","place":["Zagreb, Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4885","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20250807071738_r1","first-page":"247","article-title":"The epidemiology of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"key20250807071738_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2010.02342.x","article-title":"Autoimmune response and target autoantigens in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"40","author":"Routsias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin 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