{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T06:56:35Z","timestamp":1761893795320},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational Linguistics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article describes a new approach to the generation of referring expressions. We propose to formalize a scene (consisting of a set of objects with various properties and relations) as a labeled directed graph and describe content selection (which properties to include in a referring expression) as a subgraph construction problem. Cost functions are used to guide the search process and to give preference to some solutions over others. The current approach has four main advantages: (1) Graph structures have been studied extensively, and by moving to a graph perspective we get direct access to the many theories and algorithms for dealing with graphs; (2) many existing generation algorithms can be reformulated in terms of graphs, and this enhances comparison and integration of the various approaches; (3) the graph perspective allows us to solve a number of problems that have plagued earlier algorithms for the generation of referring expressions; and (4) the combined use of graphs and cost functions paves the way for an integration of rule-based generation techniques with more recent stochastic approaches. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/089120103321337430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,21]],"date-time":"2003-03-21T00:09:58Z","timestamp":1048205398000},"page":"53-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Graph-Based Generation of Referring Expressions"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Emiel","family":"Krahmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication and Cognition\/Computational Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastiaan van","family":"Erk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Tijgerstraat 2, NL-5645 CK, Eindhoven, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Verleg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Ranonkelstraat 67, NL-5644 LB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(85)90011-6"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324997001514"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jigpal\/8.3.339"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0364-0213(95)90018-7"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7155\/jgaa.00014"},{"issue":"2","key":"p_17","first-page":"203","volume":"21","author":"Grosz Barbara J","year":"1995","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/321850.321852"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7155\/jgaa.00032"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.682179"},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ling.1989.27.1.89"},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgt.3190010410"},{"key":"p_35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/0201010"},{"key":"p_38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089120102317341765"}],"container-title":["Computational Linguistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/089120103321337430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:42:05Z","timestamp":1615585325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/coli\/article\/29\/1\/53-72\/1792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1162\/089120103321337430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/089120103321337430","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-2017","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-9312","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}}}