{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T14:42:16Z","timestamp":1768747336231,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>RP is a case of \u201cdevelopmental\u201d prosopagnosia who, according to brain-imaging segmentation data, shows a reduction in volume of a limited set of structures of the right hemisphere. RP is as accurate as control subjects in tasks requiring the perception of nonface objects (e.g., matching subordinate labels to exemplars, naming two-tone images), with the exception of one perceptual task: The matching of different perspectives of amoebae-like stimuli (i.e., volumes made of a single smooth surface). In terms of speed (\u201cefficiency\u201d) of responses, RP's performance falls clearly outside the normal limits also in other tasks that include \u201cnatural\u201d but nonface stimuli (i.e., animals, artifacts). Specifically, RP is slow in perceptual judgments made at very low (subordinate) levels of semantic categorization and for objects and artifacts whose geometry present much curved features and surface information. We conclude from these analyses that prosopagnosia can be the result of a deficit in the representation of basic geometric volumes made of curved surface. In turn, this points to the importance (necessity) for the normal visual system of such curved and volumetric information in the identification of human faces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/089892901750363163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T11:55:01Z","timestamp":1027770901000},"page":"556-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Prosopagnosia as a Deficit in Encoding Curved Surface"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Laeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verne S.","family":"Caviness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"},{"name":"Harvard University"},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/713756740","volume":"3","author":"Arguin M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"key":"p_2_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(96)80048-7","volume":"32","author":"Ariel R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"p_3_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054663"},{"key":"p_4_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.20.11.1084","volume":"20","author":"Benton A. L.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"p_5_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(68)80018-8","volume":"4","author":"Benton A. L.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"p_6_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.25.2.154","volume":"25","author":"Beyn E. S.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"p_7_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.94.2.115"},{"key":"p_8_27","unstructured":"Biederman, I. (1995). Visual object recognition. In S. M. Kosslyn & D. N. Osherson (Eds.), Visual cognition, vol. 2 (pp. 121-166). Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"p_9_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(88)90024-2"},{"key":"p_10_29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0103"},{"key":"p_11_30","first-page":"81","volume":"7","author":"Bodamer J.","year":"1947","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"p_12_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03330623","volume":"26","author":"Braje W. L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychobiology"},{"key":"p_13_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(83)90014-3"},{"key":"p_14_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1126\/science.831281","volume":"95","author":"Carey S.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"p_15_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(69)90042-6"},{"key":"p_16_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavanagh, P. (1987). Reconstructing the third dimension: Interactions between color, texture, motion, binocular disparity and shape. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 37, 171-195.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-189X(87)80001-4"},{"key":"p_17_36","unstructured":"Cavanagh, P. (1991). What's up in top-down processing? In A. Govea (Ed.), Representation of vision: Trends and tacit assumptions in vision research (pp. 295-304). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"p_18_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1996.8.6.566","volume":"8","author":"Caviness V. S., Jr.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"p_19_38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(64)90008-9"},{"key":"p_20_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costin, D. (1988). MacLab: A Macintosh system for psychology labs. Behavior, Research Methods, and Computers, 20, 197-200.","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203831"},{"key":"p_21_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.4.331","volume":"32","author":"Damasio A. R.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"p_22_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/101.4.569","volume":"101","author":"Danta G.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"p_23_42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(90)90051-O"},{"key":"p_24_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Renzi, E. (1986). Current issues in prosopagnosia. In H. D. Ellis, M. A. Jeeves, K. F. Newcombe, & A. Young (Eds.), Aspects of face processing (pp. 243-252). Dordrecht, Holland: Martinus Nijhoff.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4420-6_26"},{"key":"p_25_44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(94)90041-8"},{"key":"p_26_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.19.7.634","volume":"19","author":"De Renzi E.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"p_27_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.1","volume":"3","author":"Desimone R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"p_28_47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892998562799"},{"key":"p_29_48","unstructured":"Farah, M. J. (1990). Visual agnosia. Disorders of object recognition and what they tell us about normal vision. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"p_30_49","unstructured":"Farah, M. J. (1995). Dissociable systems for visual recognition: A cognitive neuropsychology approach. In S. M. Kosslyn, & D. N. Osherson (Eds.), Visual cognition (pp. 101-119). Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"p_31_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.4.344","volume":"4","author":"Filipek P. A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"p_32_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind. An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge: MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4737.001.0001"},{"key":"p_33_52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0023192"},{"key":"p_34_53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00291-0"},{"key":"p_35_54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563472"},{"key":"p_36_55","first-page":"125","volume":"96","author":"Hecaen H.","year":"1957","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"p_37_56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.22.4.986"},{"key":"p_38_57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(96)00785-8"},{"key":"p_39_58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(84)90022-2"},{"key":"p_40_59","first-page":"S149","volume":"5","author":"Ishai A.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"p_41_60","unstructured":"Johnson, M. & Morton, J. (1991). Biology and cognitive development: The case of face recognition. Oxford: Basil Blackwell."},{"key":"p_42_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1068\/p230169","volume":"23","author":"Johnston A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"p_43_62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(84)90009-4"},{"key":"p_44_63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90015-3"},{"key":"p_45_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997","volume":"17","author":"Kanwisher N.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"p_46_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1068\/p110129","volume":"11","author":"Koenderink J. J.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"p_47_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosslyn, S. M. (1994). Image and brain. Cambridge: MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3653.001.0001"},{"key":"p_48_67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1995.1003"},{"key":"p_49_68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026432999380915"},{"key":"p_51_69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00077-8"},{"key":"p_52_70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(89)90051-1"},{"key":"p_53_71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(95)00108-4"},{"key":"p_54_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowe, D. G. (1985). Perceptual organization and visual recognition. Boston: Kluwer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2551-2"},{"key":"p_55_73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0384"},{"key":"p_56_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.9.820","volume":"45","author":"Malone D. R.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"p_57_75","unstructured":"Marr, D. (1982). Vision. New York: Freeman."},{"key":"p_58_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.5.605","volume":"8","author":"McCarthy G.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"p_59_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(76)80033-0","volume":"12","author":"McConachie H. R.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"p_60_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749108400970","volume":"43","author":"McNeil J. E.","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"p_61_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749308401064","volume":"46","author":"McNeil J. E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"p_62_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.5.489","volume":"37","author":"Meadows J. C.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"p_63_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1037\/h0083671","volume":"10","author":"Mooney C. M.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"p_64_82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00014-6"},{"key":"p_65_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.5.555","volume":"9","author":"Moscovitch M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"p_66_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.32.2.73","volume":"32","author":"Newcombe F.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"p_67_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/97.1.551","volume":"97","author":"Oxbury J. M.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"p_68_86","unstructured":"Palmer, S., Rosch, E. & Chase, P. (1981). Canonical perspective and the perception of objects. In J. Long & A. Baddeley (Eds.), Attention and performance IX (pp. 131-151). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"p_69_87","unstructured":"Pinker, S. (1997). How the mind works. New York: Norton."},{"key":"p_70_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4104.1070","volume":"181","author":"Riggs R. A.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"p_71_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1126\/science.184.4142.1200","volume":"184","author":"Riggs R. A.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"p_72_90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0096-3445.104.3.192"},{"key":"p_73_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.1.15","volume":"115","author":"Sergent J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"p_74_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.4.989","volume":"113","author":"Sergent J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"p_75_93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(64)90017-3"},{"key":"p_76_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3972.701","volume":"171","author":"Shepard R. N.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"p_77_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, E. E. & Medin, D. L. (1981). Categories and concepts. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674866270"},{"key":"p_78_96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384460a0"},{"key":"p_79_97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0278-7393.6.2.174"},{"key":"p_80_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80365-6","volume":"31","author":"Takahashi N.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"p_81_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749308401045","volume":"46","author":"Tanaka J. W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"p_82_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, J. W. & Gauthier, I. (1997). Expertise in object and face recognition. In R. L. Goldstone, D. L. Medin, & P. G. Schyns (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation, vol. 36 (pp. 83-125). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(08)60282-0"},{"key":"p_83_101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00026-2"},{"key":"p_84_102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00041-8"},{"key":"p_85_103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70197-6"},{"key":"p_86_104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00230-8"},{"key":"p_87_105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0715"},{"key":"p_88_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullman, S. (1996). High-level vision: Object recognition and visual cognition. Cambridge: MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3496.001.0001"},{"key":"p_89_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1978.47.2.599","volume":"47","author":"Vandenberg S. G.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"key":"p_90_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(73)80024-3","volume":"9","author":"Warrington E. K.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"p_91_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1068\/p070695","volume":"7","author":"Warrington E. K.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"p_92_110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(89)90042-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/13\/5\/556\/1933944\/089892901750363163.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/13\/5\/556\/1933944\/089892901750363163.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T19:44:49Z","timestamp":1682279089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/13\/5\/556\/3582\/Prosopagnosia-as-a-Deficit-in-Encoding-Curved"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/089892901750363163","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]}}}