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Using stimulus detection, localization, and spatial summation tasks, we have found blindsight in patients with damage both in the optic nerve (ON) and EXP. The prevalence and functional characteristics of their blindsight are indistinguishable from that in patients with GSP lesions, so blindsight does not require a completely intact EXP. The present findings support the view that a few surviving ON axons within an area of primary damage are sufficient to mediate blindsight: Several combinations of partially intact pathways can transmit information to the extrastriate cortex and the sum of activation of all visual fibers surviving the injury determines if and to what extent blindsight occurs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902317236876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T11:56:30Z","timestamp":1027770990000},"page":"243-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Blindsight after Optic Nerve Injury Indicates Functionality of Spared Fibers"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"W\u00fcst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Now at the University of Trier, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Kasten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard A.","family":"Sabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.14190"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.4.887"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(82)90085-2"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00016861"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.3.603"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90085-9"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ccog.1998.0359"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199809140-00001"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1439839"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.261.5120.494-a"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198406000-00011"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1055051"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-1995-8302","volume":"8","author":"Kasten E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00456"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2079"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.20.5.581.1129"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377336a0"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(86)90074-6"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1977.40.1.74"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(78)90037-4"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90007-1"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/243295a0"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.1.497"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.17.9406"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92907-9"},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00533.x"},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563247"},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563562"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0076"},{"key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(85)90061-2"},{"key":"p_35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199801050-00005"},{"key":"p_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00340483"},{"key":"p_38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.6122"},{"key":"p_39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.8.1533"},{"key":"p_40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/97.1.709"},{"key":"p_41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.2.203"},{"key":"p_42","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Wessinger C. 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