{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:51:31Z","timestamp":1791103891734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Behavioral studies indicate that spatial and object working memory are computed by dissociable subsystems. We investigated the neural bases of this dissociation with a whole-brain fMRI design and analysis technique that permitted direct assessment of delay-period activity, uncontaminated by other components of the trial. The task employed a \u201cwhat\u201d-then-\u201cwhere\u201d design, with an object and a spatial delay period incorporated in each trial; within-trial order of delay conditions was balanced across each scan. Our experiment failed to find evidence, at the single-subject level and at the group level, for anatomical segregation of spatial and object working memory function in the frontal cortex. Delay-period activity in the caudate nucleus revealed a sensitivity to position in the trial in the spatial, but not the object, condition. In posterior regions, spatial delay-period activity was associated with preferential recruitment of extrastriate areas falling within Brodmann's area 19 and, less reliably, the superior parietal lobule. Object-specific delay-period activity was found predominantly in ventral regions of the posterior cortex and demonstrated more topographic variability across subjects than did spatial working memory activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T11:55:01Z","timestamp":1027770901000},"page":"585-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["\u201cWhat\u201d\u2014Then\u2014\u201cWhere\u201d in Visual Working Memory: An Event-Related fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bradley R.","family":"Postle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"D'Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Medical 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