{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:14:14Z","timestamp":1760980454380},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this letter we describe a hippocampo-cortical model of spatial processing and navigation based on a cascade of increasingly complex associative processes that are also relevant for other hippocampal functions such as episodic memory. Associative learning of different types and the related pattern encoding-recognition take place at three successive levels: (1) an object location level, which computes the landmarks from merged multimodal sensory inputs in the parahippocampal cortices; (2) a subject location level, which computes place fields by combination of local views and movement-related information in the entorhinal cortex; and (3) a spatiotemporal level, which computes place transitions from contiguous place fields in the CA3-CA1 region, which form building blocks for learning temporospatial sequences.<\/jats:p><jats:p>At the cell population level, superficial entorhinal place cells encode spatial, context-independent maps as landscapes of activity; populations of transition cells in the CA3-CA1 region encode context-dependent maps as sequences of transitions, which form graphs in prefrontal-parietal cortices. The model was tested on a robot moving in a real environment; these tests produced results that could help to interpret biological data.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Two different goal-oriented navigation strategies were displayed depend-ing on the type of map used by the system.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Thanks to its multilevel, multimodal integration and behavioral imple-mentation, the model suggests functional interpretations for largely un-accounted structural differences between hippocampo-cortical systems. Further, spatiotemporal information, a common denominator shared by several brain structures, could serve as a cognitive processing frame and a functional link, for example, during spatial navigation and episodic memory, as suggested by the applications of the model to other domains, temporal sequence learning and imitation in particular.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/0899766053630369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,11]],"date-time":"2005-04-11T23:24:40Z","timestamp":1113261880000},"page":"1339-1384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A Hierarchy of Associations in Hippocampo-Cortical Systems: Cognitive Maps and Navigation Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"J. 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