{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:55:33Z","timestamp":1774072533854,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Presence: Teleoperators &amp; Virtual Environments"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> I have lived in San Francisco while working as a full-time virtual faculty member for Michigan State University for nearly six years. Unlike most humans, I spend a larger proportion of every day as a virtual person than as a physical person. This article is adapted from a keynote speech I delivered at the Fourth International Workshop on Presence in Philadelphia in May of 2001. I use a personal narrative style to explore issues and to question some of the research community's prevailing assumptions about presence. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Lombard and Ditton's (1997) frequently cited conceptualization defines presence as a \u201cperceptual illusion of nonmediation\u201d that occurs \u201cwhen a person fails to perceive or acknowledge the existence of a medium in his\/her communication environment and responds as he\/she would if the medium were not there.\u201d The underlying assumption is that, in the absence of technology, everyone experiences continuous presence at a constant intensity throughout their lives. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Instead, this article suggests that presence is not a constant of everyday nonmediated experience. Careful consideration of unmediated (real) presence might help the conceptualization and study of mediated presence. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603322391587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,27]],"date-time":"2003-09-27T04:41:19Z","timestamp":1064637679000},"page":"335-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Reflections on Real Presence by a Virtual Person"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carrie","family":"Heeter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Professor of, Telecommunication, Information, Studies, and Media, Michigan State University in San, Francisco"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109493101300117875"},{"key":"p_12","author":"Lombard M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Mass Communication, 3(2). Retrieved"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603322391613"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1994.3.2.130"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109493101300117893"}],"container-title":["Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/105474603322391587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:27:44Z","timestamp":1615584464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article\/12\/4\/335-345\/18461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1162\/105474603322391587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/105474603322391587","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-7460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1054-7460","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}}}