{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T11:07:26Z","timestamp":1774004846776,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Presence: Teleoperators &amp; Virtual Environments"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Virtual immersive environments or telepresence setups often consist of multiple cameras that have to be calibrated. We present a convenient method for doing this. The minimum is three cameras, but there is no upper limit. The method is fully automatic and a freely moving bright spot is the only calibration object. A set of virtual 3D points is made by waving the bright spot through the working volume. Its projections are found with subpixel precision and verified by a robust RANSAC analysis. The cameras do not have to see all points; only reasonable overlap between camera subgroups is necessary. Projective structures are computed via rank-4 factorization and the Euclidean stratification is done by imposing geometric constraints. This linear estimate initializes a postprocessing computation of nonlinear distortion, which is also fully automatic. We suggest a trick on how to use a very ordinary laser pointer as the calibration object. We show that it is possible to calibrate an immersive virtual environment with 16 cameras in less than 60 minutes reaching about 1\/5 pixel reprojection error. The method has been successfully tested on numerous multicamera environments using varying numbers of cameras of varying quality. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/105474605774785325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,12]],"date-time":"2005-11-12T23:06:06Z","timestamp":1131836766000},"page":"407-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":366,"title":["A Convenient Multicamera Self-Calibration for Virtual Environments"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Svoboda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Martinec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Pajdla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767965"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474699566297"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358669.358692"},{"key":"p_11","first-page":"922","volume":"1","author":"Hartley R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision"},{"key":"p_14","first-page":"158","volume":"2","author":"Kahl F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026524030731"},{"key":"p_16","first-page":"331","author":"Khan S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868678"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008109111715"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.879804"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00129684"},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRA.1987.1087109"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.888718"}],"container-title":["Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/105474605774785325","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:28:33Z","timestamp":1615584513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article\/14\/4\/407-422\/18592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1162\/105474605774785325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/105474605774785325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-7460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1054-7460","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}}}