{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:16:07Z","timestamp":1790507767718,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational Linguistics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> There has been a rapid increase in the volume of research on data-driven dependency parsers in the past five years. This increase has been driven by the availability of treebanks in a wide variety of languages\u2014due in large part to the CoNLL shared tasks\u2014as well as the straightforward mechanisms by which dependency theories of syntax can encode complex phenomena in free word order languages. In this article, our aim is to take a step back and analyze the progress that has been made through an analysis of the two predominant paradigms for data-driven dependency parsing, which are often called graph-based and transition-based dependency parsing. Our analysis covers both theoretical and empirical aspects and sheds light on the kinds of errors each type of parser makes and how they relate to theoretical expectations. Using these observations, we present an integrated system based on a stacking learning framework and show that such a system can learn to overcome the shortcomings of each non-integrated system. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]],"date-time":"2011-01-21T13:22:31Z","timestamp":1295616151000},"page":"197-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Analyzing and Integrating Dependency Parsers"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joakim","family":"Nivre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"p_3","first-page":"39","volume":"22","author":"Berger Adam L","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"1396","volume":"14","author":"Chu Yoeng-Jin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Scientia Sinica"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"551","volume":"7","author":"Crammer Koby","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.071B.032"},{"key":"p_31","first-page":"313","volume":"19","author":"Marcus Mitchell P","year":"1993","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"p_61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/net.3230070103"}],"container-title":["Computational Linguistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/coli_a_00039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:27:00Z","timestamp":1615584420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/coli\/article\/37\/1\/197-230\/2094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1162\/coli_a_00039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/coli_a_00039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-2017","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-9312","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}