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The model can accurately and quickly assign a polarity sign and magnitude to any word. It can be used both in a semi-supervised setting where a training set of labeled words is used, and in a weakly supervised setting where only a handful of seed words is used to define the two polarity classes. The method is experimentally tested using a gold standard set of positive and negative words from the General Inquirer lexicon. We also show how our method can be used for three-way classification which identifies neutral words in addition to positive and negative words. Our experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in the semi-supervised setting and is comparable to the best reported values in the weakly supervised setting. In addition, the proposed method is faster and does not need a large corpus. We also present extensions of our methods for identifying the polarity of foreign words and out-of-vocabulary words. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,28]],"date-time":"2014-03-28T23:10:37Z","timestamp":1396048237000},"page":"539-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Random Walk\u2013Based Model for Identifying Semantic Orientation"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Abu-Jbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}]},{"given":"Wanchen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}]},{"given":"Dragomir","family":"Radev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1620754.1620758"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"209","volume-title":"EACL'06","author":"Andreevskaia Alina","year":"2006"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"2,764","volume-title":"LREC'08","author":"Banea Carmen","year":"2008"},{"key":"R4","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Third International WordNet Conference","author":"Black W.","year":"2006"},{"key":"R5","volume-title":"NLP in the Information Explosion Era","author":"Blair-Goldensohn Sasha","year":"2008"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"804","volume-title":"Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Brody Samuel","year":"2010"},{"key":"R7","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","author":"Elkateb S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"R8","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Arabic NLP\/MT Conference","author":"Elkateb S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1099554.1099713"},{"key":"R10","first-page":"417","volume-title":"LREC'06","author":"Esuli Andrea","year":"2006"},{"key":"R11","volume-title":"Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XI.","author":"Etzioni Oren","year":"2007"},{"key":"R12","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Hassan Ahmed","year":"2010"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/976909.979640"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/990820.990864"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1014052.1014073"},{"key":"R16","volume-title":"International Workshop on Lexical Resources in Natural Language Processing","author":"Jha S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1609067.1609111"},{"key":"R18","first-page":"1115","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2004)","author":"Kamps Jaap","year":"2004"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1610075.1610125"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220355.1220555"},{"key":"R21","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Kok Stanley","year":"2010"},{"key":"R22","first-page":"361","volume":"5","author":"Lewis D. 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