{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T23:03:31Z","timestamp":1765667011277},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The design of a digital musical instrument is often informed by the needs of the first performance or composition. Following the initial performances, the designer frequently confronts the question of how to build a larger community of performers and composers around the instrument. Later musicians are likely to approach the instrument on different terms than those involved in the design process, so design decisions that promote a successful first performance will not necessarily translate to broader uptake. This article addresses the process of bringing an existing instrument to a wider musical community, including how musician feedback can be used to refine the instrument's design without compromising its identity. As a case study, the article presents the magnetic resonator piano, an electronically augmented acoustic grand piano that uses electromagnets to induce vibrations in the strings. After initial compositions and performances using the instrument, feedback from composers and performers guided refinements to the design, laying the groundwork for a collaborative project in which six composers wrote pieces for the instrument. The pieces exhibited a striking diversity of style and technique, including instrumental techniques never considered by the designer. The project, which culminated in two concert performances, demonstrates how a new instrument can acquire a community of musicians beyond those initially involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/comj_a_00149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T14:55:56Z","timestamp":1357656956000},"page":"10-27","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Problem of the Second Performer: Building a Community Around an Augmented Piano"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"P. McPherson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. andrewm@eecs.qmul.ac.uk, http:\/\/andrewmcpherson.org"}]},{"given":"Youngmoo","family":"E. Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ykim@drexel.edu, http:\/\/music.ece.drexel.edu"},{"name":"*School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. andrewm@eecs.qmul.ac.uk, http:\/\/andrewmcpherson.org"},{"name":"\u2020Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ykim@drexel.edu, http:\/\/music.ece.drexel.edu"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/COMJ_a_00025"},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"81","author":"Berdahl E.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/comj.2005.29.1.104"},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"218","author":"Cook P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"issue":"2","key":"p_6","first-page":"17","volume":"4","author":"Ferguson S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355771811000112"},{"key":"p_8","first-page":"106","author":"Gurevich M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0929821042000317886"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1226969.1226998"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/COMJ_a_00026"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09298211003695587"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979355","author":"McPherson A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"key":"p_15","first-page":"56","author":"Murray-Browne T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"p_17","first-page":"155","author":"Newton D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/LMJ_a_00012"},{"key":"p_19","first-page":"651","author":"Oliver J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/COMJ_a_00038"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355771809000259"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09298215.2011.642391"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2005.06.001"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jnmr.32.3.239.16866"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/014892602320582981"}],"container-title":["Computer Music Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/comj\/article-pdf\/36\/4\/10\/1971609\/comj_a_00149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/comj\/article-pdf\/36\/4\/10\/1971609\/comj_a_00149.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T14:11:01Z","timestamp":1644070261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/comj\/article\/36\/4\/10\/94511\/The-Problem-of-the-Second-Performer-Building-a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/comj_a_00149","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-9267","1531-5169"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-9267","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5169","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}