{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T09:10:23Z","timestamp":1746781823671},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"2-3","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article focuses on learning the hierarchical structure of what we call a \u201ctemporal scenario\u201d (for instance, a chord progression) to perform automatic improvisation consistently over several different time scales. We first present a way to represent hierarchical structures with a phrase structure grammar. Such a grammar enables us to analyze a scenario at several levels of organization, creating a \u201cmultilevel scenario.\u201d We then develop a method to automatically induce this grammar from a corpus, based on sequence selection with mutual information. We applied this method to a corpus of transcribed improvisations based on the chord sequence, also with chord substitutions, from George Gershwin's \u201cI Got Rhythm.\u201d From these we obtained multilevel scenarios similar to the analyses performed by professional musicians. We then present a novel heuristic approach, exploiting the multilevel structure of a scenario to guide the improvisation with anticipatory behavior in an improvisation paradigm driven by a factor oracle. This method ensures consistency of the improvisation with regard to the global form, and it opens up possibilities when playing on chords that do not exist in memory. This system was evaluated by professional improvisers during listening sessions and received excellent feedback.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/comj_a_00521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T13:30:15Z","timestamp":1593437415000},"page":"109-124","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Learning of Hierarchical Temporal Structures for Guided Improvisation"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"D\u00e9guernel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique\/Musique 1 Place Igor Stravinsky 75004 Paris, France ken.deguernel@ircam.fr"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine 615 Rue du Jardin Botanique 54600 Villers-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France emmanuel.vincent@inria.fr"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Nika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique\/Musique 1 Place Igor Stravinsky 75004 Paris, France jerome.nika@ircam.fr"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Assayag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique\/Musique 1 Place Igor Stravinsky 75004 Paris, France gerard.assayag@ircam.fr"}]},{"given":"Kamel","family":"Sma\u00efli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine 615 Rue du Jardin Botanique 54600 Villers-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France kamel.smaili@loria.fr"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","first-page":"291","author":"Allauzen C.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Springer"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1145\/1178723.1178742","author":"Assayag G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Audio and Music Computing for Multimedia"},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"228","author":"Bickerman G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Creativity"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"752","author":"Bigo L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/mp.2016.33.5.631"},{"key":"p_7","first-page":"117","author":"D\u00e9guernel K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Sound and Music Computing Conference"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/comj_a_00460"},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"399","author":"D\u00e9guernel K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the the Sound and Music Computing Conference"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"549","author":"de Haas W. 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