{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:08:39Z","timestamp":1771456119597,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This article presents a musical interface that enables the sonification of data from the human microbiota, the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the human body, into sound and music. The project is concerned with public engagement in science, particularly the life sciences, and developing cultivation technologies that take advantage of the ubiquitous and accessible nature of the human microbiota. In this article we examine the collaboration between team members proficient in musical composition and those with expertise in biology, sonification, and data visualization, producing an individualized piece of music designed to capture basic biological data and user attention. Although this system, called Biota Beats, sonifies ubiquitous data for educational science projects, it also establishes a connection between individuals and their bodies and between a community and its context through interactive music experiences, while attempting to make the science of the human microbiome more accessible. The science behind standardizing sonified data for scientific, human analysis is still in development (in comparison to charts, graphs, spectrograms, or other types of data visualization). So a more artistic approach, using the framework of musical genres and their associated themes and motifs, is a convenient and previously established way to capitalize on how people naturally perceive sound. Further, to forge a creative connection between the human microbiota and the music genre, a philosophical shift is necessary, that of viewing the human body and the digital audio workstation as ubiquitous computers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/comj_a_00552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:46:10Z","timestamp":1618447570000},"page":"51-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sonifying Data from the Human Microbiota: Biota Beats"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teachers College Columbia University 525 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, USA cck2135@tc.columbia.edu"}]},{"given":"Alexandria","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Biotechnology Initiative MIT Media Lab 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E14\/E15, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA aguo@wellesley.edu"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Salhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California 3601 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA salhotra@usc.edu"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sprinkhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Biotechnology Initiative MIT Media Lab 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E14\/E15, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA sara@thedatavisionlab.com"}]},{"given":"Keerthi","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6084, USA kshetty@aya.yale.edu"}]},{"given":"David Sun","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Biotechnology Initiative MIT Media Lab 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E14\/E15, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA dkong@mit.edu"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022033115520434600_B1","article-title":"Sonification of Phylogenetic Trees: Listening to Evolution.","author":"Boutin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journ\u00e9es d'Informatique Musicale"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022033115520434600_B2","first-page":"120","article-title":"The OpenCV Library.","volume":"25","author":"Bradski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools"},{"key":"2022033115520434600_B3","volume-title":"How Music Works","author":"Byrne","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022033115520434600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851","article-title":"A Computational Approach to Edge Detection.","volume":"8","author":"Canny","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022033115520434600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2005.31","article-title":"Movement Sonification: Effects on Perception and Action.","volume":"12","author":"Effenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE MultiMedia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022033115520434600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2537","article-title":"The Skin Microbiome.","volume":"9","author":"Grice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"5973","key":"2022033115520434600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/310096a0","article-title":"Letter to the Editor: Basically Musical.","volume":"310","author":"Hayashi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022033115520434600_B8","author":"Hough","year":"1962"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022033115520434600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355771806000082","article-title":"New Concepts and Techniques in Eco-Composition.","volume":"11","author":"Keller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Organised Sound"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022033115520434600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/09298215.2019.1659828","article-title":"Ubiquitous Music: Perspectives and Challenges.","volume":"48","author":"Keller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of New Music Research"},{"key":"2022033115520434600_B11","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Auditory Display: Sonification, Audification, and Auditory Interfaces","author":"Kramer","year":"1994"},{"issue":"7415","key":"2022033115520434600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","article-title":"Diversity, Stability and Resilience of the Human Gut Microbiota","volume":"489","author":"Lozupone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022033115520434600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.018101","article-title":"Optically Trapped Gold Nanoparticle Enables Listening at the Microscale.","volume":"108","author":"Ohlinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"2022033115520434600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00767","article-title":"16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Deciphering the Colorectal Cancer Gut Microbiome: Current Protocols and Workflows.","volume":"9","author":"Osman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022033115520434600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/scin.5591850115","article-title":"Beyond the Microbiome: The Vast Virome; Scientists are Just Beginning to Get a Handle on the Many Roles of Viruses in the Human Ecosystem.","volume":"185","author":"Saey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science News"},{"key":"2022033115520434600_B16","article-title":"An Auditory Display Tool for DNA Sequence Analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Temple","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Central Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022033115520434600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204779","article-title":"The Effects of Task Demands on the Equivalence of Visual and Auditory Representations of Periodic Numerical Data","volume":"28","author":"Turnage","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022033115520434600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0991-94","article-title":"The Computer for the 21st Century.","volume":"265","author":"Weiser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"2022033115520434600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii68","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew353","article-title":"The Gut\u2013Brain Connection: Triggering of Brain Autoimmune Disease by Commensal Gut Bacteria.","volume":"55","author":"Wekerle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology"}],"container-title":["Computer Music Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/comj\/article-pdf\/44\/1\/51\/2005300\/comj_a_00552.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/comj\/article-pdf\/44\/1\/51\/2005300\/comj_a_00552.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T22:59:46Z","timestamp":1648767586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/comj\/article\/44\/1\/51\/99107\/Sonifying-Data-from-the-Human-Microbiota-Biota"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/comj_a_00552","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-9267","1531-5169"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-9267","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5169","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}