{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T11:32:49Z","timestamp":1700134369476},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":706,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Beamforming on the icosahedral loudspeaker (IKO), a compact, spherical loudspeaker array, was recently established and investigated as an instrument to produce auditory sculptures (i.e., 3-D sonic imagery) in electroacoustic music. Sound beams in the horizontal plane most effectively and expressively produce auditory objects via lateral reflections on sufficiently close walls and baffles. Can there be 3-D-printable arrays at drastically reduced cost and transducer count, but with similarly strong directivity in the horizontal plane? To find out, we adopt mixed-order Ambisonics schemes to control fewer, and predominantly horizontal, beam patterns, and we propose the 3|9|3 array as a suitable design, with beamforming crossing over to Ambisonics panning at high frequencies. Analytic models and measurements on hardware prototypes permit a comparison between the new design and the IKO regarding beamforming capacity. Moreover, we evaluate our 15-channel 3|9|3 prototype in listening experiments to find out whether the sculptural qualities and auditory object trajectories it produces are comparable to those of the 20-channel IKO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/comj_a_00581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T19:26:22Z","timestamp":1638905182000},"page":"60-76","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design, Control, and Evaluation of Mixed-Order, Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Arrays"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Riedel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Music and Acoustics University of Music and Performing Arts Inffeldgasse 10\/3, 8010 Graz, Austria riedel@iem.at"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Zotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Music and Acoustics University of Music and Performing Arts Inffeldgasse 10\/3, 8010 Graz, Austria zotter@iem.at"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022033115311067400_B1","article-title":"A Compact 120 Independent Element Spherical Loudspeaker Array with Programmable Radiation Patterns.","author":"Avizienis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 120th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022033115311067400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2018.2800290","article-title":"Periphony-Lattice Mixed-Order Ambisonic Scheme for Spherical Microphone Arrays.","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM 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