{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T17:13:10Z","timestamp":1775495590862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.","issue":"1-2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.mitpressjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Data Intellegence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The FAIR principles have been widely cited, endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016. By intention, the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations, but provide guidance for improving Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources. This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles, because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions. However, it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations. Thus, while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways, for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and (re)-usable. We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible, robust, widespread and consistent FAIR implementations. Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations, or when they spot a gap, accept the challenge to create the needed solution, which, ideally, can be used again by other communities in the future. Here, we provide interpretations and implementation considerations (choices and challenges) for each FAIR principle. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/dint_r_00024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T20:43:34Z","timestamp":1572641014000},"page":"10-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":340,"title":["FAIR Principles: Interpretations and Implementation                     Considerations"],"prefix":"10.3724","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Annika","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"de Miranda Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60,                         Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Juty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road,                         Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of                         Oxford, Oxford OX13PJ, UK"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,                         University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Cornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1000 GG, The                         Netherlands"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Courtot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD,                         UK"}]},{"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Crosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Dumontier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60,                         Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Chris T.","family":"Evelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics \u2013 BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht                         University, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Goble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road,                         Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Guizzardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group (CORE), Free University of                         Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano 39100, Italy"}]},{"given":"Karsten Kryger","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg University, Aalborg DK-9220, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hasnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland Galway,                         H91 TK33, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Hettne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Digital Scholarship, Leiden University Libraries, Leiden, 2333                         ZA, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jaap","family":"Heringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan                         11051081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Rob W.W.","family":"Hooft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan                         11051081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Dutch Techcentre for Life Sciences (DTL), Utrecht, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Imming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SURF, Utrecht 3511 EP, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Keith G.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keith G Jeffery Consultants, Faringdon, UK"}]},{"given":"Rajaram","family":"Kaliyaperumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Martijn G.","family":"Kersloot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1000 GG, The                         Netherlands"},{"name":"Castor EDC, Paasheuvelweg 25, Wing 5D, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The                         Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Christine R.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La                         Jolla, California 92093, USA"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan                         11051081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Ignasi","family":"Labastida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Learning and Research Resources Centre (CRAI), Universitat de Barcelona,                         08007 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Magagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Agency Austria, A-1090 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"McQuilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of                         Oxford, Oxford OX13PJ, UK"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, 75004 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Montesanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Board (HRB), Dublin 2, DO2 H638, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"van Reisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liacs Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, 2311 GJ                         Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Rocca-Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of                         Oxford, Oxford OX13PJ, UK"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pergl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Information Technology                         (FIT CTU), 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Susanna-Assunta","family":"Sansone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of                         Oxford, Oxford OX13PJ, UK"}]},{"given":"Luiz Olavo Bonino","family":"da Silva Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GO FAIR International Support & Coordination Office (GFISCO), Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Catalyst | Clinical and Translational Science Center, Boston, MA                         02115, USA"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Strawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC 20418, USA"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Andra","family":"Waagmeester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micelio, Ekeren, Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Bundesstrasse 45a, 20146 Hamburg,                         Germany"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics UPM-INIA, Madrid 28040,                         Spain"}]},{"given":"Egon L.","family":"Willighagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics \u2013 BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht                         University, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wittenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, Gie\u00dfenbachstra\u00dfe 2,                         85748 Garching, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-0072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barend","family":"Mons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands"},{"name":"GO FAIR International Support & Coordination Office (GFISCO), Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Schultes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GO FAIR International Support & Coordination Office (GFISCO), Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Center for Data Science, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"2026","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.18"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"P. 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