{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T09:40:18Z","timestamp":1773740418225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evolutionary Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Metaheuristics are an effective and diverse class of optimization algorithms: a means of obtaining solutions of acceptable quality for otherwise intractable problems. The selection, construction, and configuration of a metaheuristic for a given problem has historically been a manually intensive process based on experience, experimentation, and reasoning by metaphor. More recently, there has been interest in automating the process of algorithm configuration. In this article, we identify shared state as an inhibitor of progress for such automation. To solve this problem, we introduce the Automated Open-Closed Principle (AOCP), which stipulates design requirements for unintrusive reuse of algorithm frameworks and automated assembly of algorithms from an extensible palette of components. We demonstrate how the AOCP enables a greater degree of automation than previously possible via an example implementation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/evco_a_00245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T19:36:00Z","timestamp":1545075360000},"page":"173-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Extending the \u201cOpen-Closed Principle\u201d to Automated Algorithm Configuration"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jerry","family":"Swan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of York, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Adri\u00e6nsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam D.","family":"Barwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St Andrews, Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St Andrews, Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2014.6900575"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69404-7_1"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"1485","volume-title":"IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","author":"Adriaensen S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"554","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Adriaensen S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04244-7_14"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025696116075"},{"issue":"4","key":"B8","first-page":"792","volume":"35","author":"Barwell A. 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