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Compared to control material, recognition of unpracticed words was characterized by reduced amplitudes of the P2 ERP component and by reduced early (200\u2013400 msec) oscillatory theta power. The reduction in P2 amplitude was associated with decreased evoked theta power but not with decreased theta phase locking (phase-locking index). Recognition of unpracticed material was further accompanied by a reduction in occipital gamma power (&amp;gt;250 msec). In contrast, the beneficial effects of retrieval practice on practiced words were reflected by larger parietal ERP positivity (&amp;gt;500 msec) and by a stronger decrease in oscillatory alpha power in a relatively late time window (&amp;gt;700 msec). The results suggest that the beneficial and detrimental effects of retrieval practice are mediated by different processes. In particular, they suggest that reduced theta (4\u20137 Hz) and gamma (60\u201390 Hz) power reflect the specific effects of inhibitory processes on the unpracticed material's memory representation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,14]],"date-time":"2008-08-14T13:28:43Z","timestamp":1218720523000},"page":"976-990","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Oscillatory Correlates of Retrieval-induced Forgetting in Recognition Memory"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Regensburg University, Germany"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hanslmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Regensburg University, Germany"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Saarland University, Germany"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Mecklinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Saarland University, Germany"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"B\u00e4uml","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Regensburg University, Germany"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072818391722700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2003.08.006","article-title":"Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting.","volume":"49","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03214366","article-title":"Retrieval-induced forgetting: Evidence for a recall-specific mechanism.","volume":"7","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R3","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Remembering can cause forgetting: Retrieval dynamics in long-term memory.","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R4","first-page":"608","article-title":"Integration as a general boundary condition on retrieval-induced forgetting.","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089504","article-title":"Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories.","volume":"30","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.102.1.68","article-title":"On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition: Memory retrieval as a model case.","volume":"102","author":"Anderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01851.x","article-title":"No inhibitory deficit in older adults' episodic memory.","volume":"18","author":"Aslan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R8","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Retrieval-induced forgetting in perceptually driven memory tests.","volume":"32","author":"Bajo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027577","article-title":"Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories: A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms.","volume":"80","author":"Battig","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03208822","article-title":"Strong items get suppressed, weak items do not: The role of item strength in output interference.","volume":"5","author":"B\u00e4uml","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2002.00464.x","article-title":"Semantic recall can cause episodic forgetting.","volume":"13","author":"B\u00e4uml","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021072818391722700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012370509-9.00155-8","article-title":"Inhibitory processes.","volume-title":"Cognitive psychology of memory. 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