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Although the early subcortical stages of color vision are well characterized, the organization of cortical representations of color remain elusive, despite numerous models based on discrimination thresholds, appearance, and categorization. An underexplored aspect of cortical color representations is how they unfold over time. Here, we compare the dynamic reorganization of three different color representations over time using magnetoencephalography. We measured neural responses to 14 hues at each of three achromatic luminances (increment, isoluminant, and decrement) while participants attended either to the exact color of the stimulus or its color category. We used a series of classification analyses, combined with multidimensional scaling and representational similarity analysis, to ask how cortical representations of color unfold over time from stimulus onset. We compared the performance of \u201chigher order\u201d models based on hue and color category with a model based simply on stimulus cone contrast and found that all models had significant correlations with the data. However, the unique variance accounted for by each model revealed a dynamic change in hue responses over time, which was consistent with a \u201ccoarse to fine\u201d transition from a broad clustering into categorical groups to a finer within-category representation. Notably, these dynamics were replicated across data sets from both tasks, suggesting they reflect a robust reorganization of cortical hue responses over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.a.56","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T10:38:26Z","timestamp":1748428706000},"page":"2326-2350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Evolution of Color Representations Measured with Magnetoencephalography Reveals a \u201cCoarse to Fine\u201d Dynamic"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-6855","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erin","family":"Goddard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"},{"name":"School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9963-2889","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathy T.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120710","article-title":"EEG decoding reveals task-dependent recoding of sensory information in working memory","volume":"297","author":"Bae","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10346","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0666-17.2017","article-title":"Attention to color sharpens neural population tuning via feedback processing in the human visual cortex hierarchy","volume":"37","author":"Bartsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"volume-title":"Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution","year":"1969","author":"Berlin","key":"2025100913074038100_bib3"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1507","article-title":"Visual field maps and stimulus selectivity in human ventral occipital cortex","volume":"8","author":"Brewer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13992","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3577-09.2009","article-title":"Decoding and reconstructing color from responses in human visual cortex","volume":"29","author":"Brouwer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15454","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2472-13.2013","article-title":"Categorical clustering of the neural representation of color","volume":"33","author":"Brouwer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.119884","article-title":"Decoding of EEG signals reveals non-uniformities in the neural geometry of colour","volume":"268","author":"Chauhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.10.000038","article-title":"Detection mechanisms in L-, M-, and S-cone contrast space","volume":"10","author":"Cole","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the Optical Society of America A"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2023.06.003","article-title":"Color appearance and the end of Hering\u2019s Opponent-Colors Theory","volume":"27","author":"Conway","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/27666","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of chromatic tuning in macaque primary visual cortex","volume":"395","author":"Cottaris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025100913074038100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. 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