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Here, we use fMRI to show that trait anxiety indeed modulates brain activation and functional connectivities between task-relevant brain regions in an affectively neutral Stroop task. In high-anxious individuals, dorsolateral pFC showed stronger task-related activation and reduced coupling with posterior lateral frontal regions, dorsal ACC, and a word-sensitive area in the left fusiform gyrus. These results support the assumption that a general (i.e., not threat-specific) impairment of attentional control leads to reduced neural processing efficiency in anxious individuals. The increased dorsolateral pFC activation is interpreted as an attempt to compensate for suboptimal connectivity within the cortical network subserving task performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,10]],"date-time":"2011-03-10T14:16:04Z","timestamp":1299766564000},"page":"3132-3145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Trait Anxiety Modulates the Neural Efficiency of Inhibitory Control"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Basten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Goethe University Frankfurt"},{"name":"2University of Heidelberg"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Stelzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Heidelberg"},{"name":"3Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian J.","family":"Fiebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Goethe University Frankfurt"},{"name":"2University of Heidelberg"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072901045095400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008045046-9.00410-1","article-title":"Cognition: Basal ganglia role.","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of neuroscience","author":"Aron","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021072901045095400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11860","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3644-07.2007","article-title":"Converging evidence for a fronto-basal-ganglia network for inhibitory control of action and cognition.","volume":"27","author":"Aron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901045095400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.2.224","article-title":"The relationships among working memory, math anxiety, and 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Functional specialization in the lateral frontal cortex: The role of the inferior frontal junction in cognitive control. 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