{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T17:26:30Z","timestamp":1769189190734,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There is an increasing line of evidence supporting the idea that the formation of lasting memories involves neural activity preceding stimulus presentation. Following this line, we presented words in an incidental learning setting and manipulated the prestimulus state by asking the participants to perform either an emotional (neutral or emotional) or a semantic (animate or inanimate) decision task. Later, we tested the retrieval of each previously presented word with a recognition memory test. For both conditions, the subsequent memory effect (SME) was defined as ERP difference between subsequently remembered and forgotten words. Comparing the prestimulus SME between and within the two conditions yielded topographic differences in the time interval from \u22121300 to \u2212700 msec before stimulus onset. This indicates that the activity of brain areas involved in incidental encoding of semantic information varied in the spatial distribution of ERPs, depending on the emotional and semantic requirements of the task. These findings provide evidence that there is a difference in semantic and emotional preparatory processes, which modulates successful encoding into episodic memory. This difference suggests that there are multiple task-specific functional neural systems that support memory formation. These systems differ in location and\/or relative contribution of some of the brain structures that generate the measured scalp electric fields. Consequently, the cognitive processes that enable memory formation depend on the differential semantic nature of the study task and reflect differences in the preparatory processing of the multiple semantic components of a word's meaning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,3]],"date-time":"2011-08-03T14:37:29Z","timestamp":1312382249000},"page":"4008-4021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Different Brain Activities Predict Retrieval Success during Emotional and Semantic Encoding"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tullia","family":"Padovani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Bern"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Bern"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Zurich"},{"name":"3Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter J.","family":"Perrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Bern"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072901054687900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-6-57","article-title":"Neuromagnetic brain responses to words from semantic sub- and supercategories.","volume":"6","author":"Assadollahi","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R2","volume-title":"The CELEX lexical database (CD-ROM) [Electronic Version]","author":"Baayen","year":"1995"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99002149","article-title":"Perceptual symbol systems.","volume":"22","author":"Barsalou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies.","volume":"19","author":"Binder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","article-title":"Measuring emotion: The Self-Assessment Manikin and the semantic differential.","volume":"25","author":"Bradley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC99","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-19-j0004.2000","article-title":"Event-related activation in the human amygdala associates with later memory for individual emotional experience.","volume":"20","author":"Canli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00617.x","article-title":"Modulation of ongoing cognitive processes by emotionally intense words.","volume":"45","author":"Carretie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(72)80001-X","article-title":"Levels of processing: A framework for memory research.","volume":"11","author":"Craik","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.2.3.252","article-title":"Event-related potentials of emotional memory: Encoding pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures.","volume":"2","author":"Dolcos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00289-2","article-title":"Interaction between the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory system predicts better memory for emotional events.","volume":"42","author":"Dolcos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.04.031","article-title":"A core system for the implementation of task sets.","volume":"50","author":"Dosenbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20001001)51:1<6::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Event-related potential (ERP) studies of memory encoding and retrieval: A selective review.","volume":"51","author":"Friedman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microscopy Research and Technique"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BRAT.0000032856.48286.18","article-title":"Randomization-based hypothesis testing from event-related data.","volume":"16","author":"Greenblatt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Topography"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9793","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0915-10.2010","article-title":"Voluntary control over prestimulus activity related to encoding.","volume":"30","author":"Gruber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.01.009","article-title":"Activating event knowledge.","volume":"111","author":"Hare","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00638.x","article-title":"Event related potentials to emotional adjectives during reading.","volume":"45","author":"Herbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3720163","article-title":"Removing electroencephalographic artifacts by blind source separation.","volume":"37","author":"Jung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01187710","article-title":"An exact statistical method for comparing topographic maps, with any number of subjects and electrodes.","volume":"6","author":"Karniski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Topography"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.6.2.110","article-title":"Processing emotional pictures and words: Effects of valence and arousal.","volume":"6","author":"Kensinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)56008-X","article-title":"Emotional and semantic networks in visual word processing: Insights from ERP studies.","volume":"156","author":"Kissler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01924.x","article-title":"Buzzwords: Early cortical responses to emotional words during reading.","volume":"18","author":"Kissler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-010-0142-1","article-title":"A method to determine the presence of averaged event-related fields using randomization tests.","volume":"23","author":"Koenig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Topography"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.1.13","article-title":"Using the World-Wide Web to obtain large-scale word norms: 190,212 Ratings on a set of 2,654 German nouns.","volume":"41","author":"Lahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90419-8","article-title":"Reference-free identification of components of checkerboard-evoked multichannel potential fields.","volume":"48","author":"Lehmann","year":"1980","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2009.11.001","article-title":"Common and segregated neural substrates for automatic conceptual and affective priming as revealed by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging.","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1017\/S0048577201991681","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of experimental differences in event-related potential data with partial least squares.","volume":"38","author":"Lobaugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R22","volume-title":"Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology","author":"Manly","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511596889","volume-title":"Electrical neuroimaging","author":"Michel","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/nn967","article-title":"State-related and item-related neural correlates of successful memory encoding.","volume":"5","author":"Otten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1663","article-title":"Brain activity before an event predicts later recollection.","volume":"9","author":"Otten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21298","article-title":"Prestimulus subsequent memory effects for auditory and visual events.","volume":"22","author":"Otten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(01)00015-5","article-title":"Electrophysiological correlates of memory encoding are task-dependent.","volume":"12","author":"Otten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Research, Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.11.1776","article-title":"Distinct patterns of neural activity during memory formation of nonwords versus words.","volume":"19","author":"Otten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(87)90124-6","article-title":"Neural correlates of encoding in an incidental learning paradigm.","volume":"67","author":"Paller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01845-3","article-title":"Observing the transformation of experience into memory.","volume":"6","author":"Paller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90180-6","article-title":"Spherical splines for scalp potential and current density mapping.","volume":"72","author":"Perrin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X9900182X","article-title":"Words in the brain's language.","volume":"22","author":"Pulvermuller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605198104","article-title":"Positive affect increases the breadth of attentional selection.","volume":"104","author":"Rowe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X03000165","article-title":"Working memory retention systems: A state of activated long-term memory.","volume":"26","author":"Ruchkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760807159","article-title":"Components of switching intentional set.","volume":"14","author":"Rushworth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1980.tb02299.x","article-title":"Electrocortical signs of levels of processing: Perceptual analysis and recognition memory.","volume":"17","author":"Sanquist","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.117.1.34","article-title":"Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia.","volume":"117","author":"Snodgrass","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930701438020","article-title":"On the interdependence of cognition and emotion.","volume":"21","author":"Storbeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(98)00021-5","article-title":"Three-dimensional tomography of event-related potentials during response inhibition: Evidence for phasic frontal lobe activation.","volume":"108","author":"Strik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072901054687900_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl121","article-title":"Sex differences in semantic processing: Event-related brain potentials distinguish between lower and higher order semantic analysis during word reading.","volume":"17","author":"Wirth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/23\/12\/4008\/1942668\/jocn_a_00096.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/23\/12\/4008\/1942668\/jocn_a_00096.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T01:28:01Z","timestamp":1627522081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/23\/12\/4008\/5252\/Different-Brain-Activities-Predict-Retrieval"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00096","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}}}