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In a learning paradigm, we manipulated the amount of information provided about initially unfamiliar visual objects while controlling for perceptual stimulus properties and exposure. In a subsequent test session with electroencephalographic recordings, participants performed several tasks on either the objects or their written names. For objects as well as names, knowledge effects were observed as early as about 120 msec in the P1 component of the ERP, reflecting perceptual processing in extrastriate visual cortex. These knowledge-dependent modulations of early stages of visual word recognition suggest that information about word meanings may modulate the perception of arbitrarily related visual features surprisingly early.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,23]],"date-time":"2011-08-23T20:18:41Z","timestamp":1314130721000},"page":"990-1005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Depth of Conceptual Knowledge Modulates Visual Processes during Word Reading"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Milena","family":"Rabovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Abdel Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913180615000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.6.1055","article-title":"Seeing what we know and understand: How knowledge shapes perception.","volume":"15","author":"Abdel Rahman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021072913180615000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.17.1.95","article-title":"Phonology is fundamental in skilled reading: Evidence from ERPs.","volume":"17","author":"Ashby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021072913180615000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.03.009","article-title":"Skilled readers begin processing sub-phonemic features by 80 ms during visual word recognition: Evidence from ERPs.","volume":"80","author":"Ashby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913180615000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507062103","article-title":"Top\u2013down facilitation of visual recognition.","volume":"103","author":"Bar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072913180615000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639","article-title":"Grounded cognition.","volume":"59","author":"Barsalou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913180615000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0815\/12\/A\/010","article-title":"Dipole modeling of eye activity and its application to the removal of eye artefacts from the EEG and MEG.","volume":"12","author":"Berg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical Physiology and Physiological Measurements"},{"key":"2021072913180615000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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