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We found that fMRI activity in the V2 representation of the constant surface was in antiphase to luminance changes of surrounding surfaces (i.e., activity was in-phase with perceived brightness changes). Moreover, the amplitude of the antiphase fMRI activity in V2 predicted the strength of illusory brightness perception. We interpret our findings as evidence for a surface-related signal in early visual cortex and discuss the neural mechanisms that may underlie that signal in concurrence with its possible interaction with the properties of the fMRI signal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,23]],"date-time":"2011-08-23T20:18:41Z","timestamp":1314130721000},"page":"367-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Early Human Visual Cortex Encodes Surface Brightness Induced by Dynamic Context"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"van de Ven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Jans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Goebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"De Weerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913175900600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8633","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08633.2002","article-title":"Circuits for local and global signal integration in primary visual cortex.","volume":"22","author":"Angelucci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913175900600_R2","first-page":"343","article-title":"fMRI: The spatial, temporal, and interpretive limits of functional MRI.","volume-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress: An official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology","author":"Bandettini","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021072913175900600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.05.015","article-title":"A unified theory of brightness contrast and assimilation incorporating oriented multiscale spatial filtering and contrast normalization.","volume":"44","author":"Blakeslee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"2021072913175900600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.05.005","article-title":"Responses to lightness variations in early human visual cortex.","volume":"17","author":"Boyaci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2021072913175900600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04207.1996","article-title":"Linear systems analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging in human V1.","volume":"16","author":"Boynton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913175900600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910390602","article-title":"Dynamics of blood flow and oxygenation changes during brain activation: The balloon model.","volume":"39","author":"Buxton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"2021072913175900600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4382-05.2006","article-title":"No functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for brightness and color filling-in in early human visual cortex.","volume":"26","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913175900600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/377731a0","article-title":"Responses of cells in monkey visual cortex during perceptual filling-in of an artificial scotoma.","volume":"377","author":"De Weerd","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021072913175900600_R61","first-page":"S45","article-title":"An investigation of fMRI resolution in visual cortex. 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