{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T20:24:03Z","timestamp":1780345443013,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The question of hemispheric lateralization of neural processes is one that is pertinent to a range of subdisciplines of cognitive neuroscience. Language is often assumed to be left-lateralized in the human brain, but there has been a long running debate about the underlying reasons for this. We addressed this problem with fMRI by identifying the neural responses to amplitude and spectral modulations in speech and how these interact with speech intelligibility to test previous claims for hemispheric asymmetries in acoustic and linguistic processes in speech perception. We used both univariate and multivariate analyses of the data, which enabled us to both identify the networks involved in processing these acoustic and linguistic factors and to test the significance of any apparent hemispheric asymmetries. We demonstrate bilateral activation of superior temporal cortex in response to speech-derived acoustic modulations in the absence of intelligibility. However, in a contrast of amplitude-modulated and spectrally modulated conditions that differed only in their intelligibility (where one was partially intelligible and the other unintelligible), we show a left dominant pattern of activation in STS, inferior frontal cortex, and insula. Crucially, multivariate pattern analysis showed that there were significant differences between the left and the right hemispheres only in the processing of intelligible speech. This result shows that the left hemisphere dominance in linguistic processing does not arise because of low-level, speech-derived acoustic factors and that multivariate pattern analysis provides a method for unbiased testing of hemispheric asymmetries in processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,8]],"date-time":"2011-11-08T17:57:05Z","timestamp":1320775025000},"page":"636-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["An Application of Univariate and Multivariate Approaches in fMRI to Quantifying the Hemispheric Lateralization of Acoustic and Linguistic Processes"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Carolyn","family":"McGettigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarinah K.","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie K.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913235106700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.032","article-title":"On-line plasticity in spoken sentence comprehension: Adapting to time-compressed speech.","volume":"49","author":"Adank","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11455","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5257-06.2007","article-title":"A common system for the comprehension and production of narrative speech.","volume":"27","author":"Awad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1162\/089892998562834","article-title":"Lateralization of speech and auditory temporal processing.","volume":"10","author":"Belin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3109\/03005367909078884","article-title":"The BKB (Bamford\u2013Kowal\u2013Bench) sentence lists for partially-hearing children.","volume":"13","author":"Bench","year":"1979","journal-title":"British Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1409","article-title":"Hierarchical and asymmetric temporal sensitivity in human auditory cortices.","volume":"8","author":"Boemio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox.","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R55","unstructured":"Brett, M., \n            \n              Anton, J., \n            \n              Valabregue, R., & \n            \n              Poline, J.\n           (2002). Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox. 8th International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain; June 2\u20136, 2002; Sendai, Japan. 2002. p. 497. Available on CD-ROM in NeuroImage, Vol 16, No. 2, Abstract 497."},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00084","article-title":"Does semantic context benefit speech understanding through \u201ctop\u2013down\u201d processes? Evidence from time-resolved sparse fMRI.","volume":"23","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03423.2003","article-title":"Hierarchical processing in spoken language comprehension.","volume":"23","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.039","article-title":"Neural correlates of switching from auditory to speech perception.","volume":"24","author":"Dehaene-Lambertz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statistical comparisons of classifiers over multiple data sets.","volume":"7","author":"Demsar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010","article-title":"Automatic parcellation of human cortical gyru and sulci using standard anatomical nomenclature.","volume":"53","author":"Destrieux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/384159a0","article-title":"A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation.","volume":"384","author":"Dronkers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)7:2<89::AID-HBM2>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Improved auditory cortex imaging using clustered volume acquisitions.","volume":"7","author":"Edmister","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034","article-title":"A new SPM toolbox for combining probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and functional imaging data.","volume":"25","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7179","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4040-09.2010","article-title":"Inferior frontal gyrus activation predicts individual differences in perceptual learning of cochlear-implant simulations.","volume":"30","author":"Eisner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2009-1222","article-title":"Improving the spatial accuracy in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect: Benefits from parallel imaging and a 32-channel head array coil at 1.5 Tesla.","volume":"43","author":"Fellner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation"},{"key":"2021072913235106700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164318","article-title":"\u201cWho\u201d is saying \u201cwhat\u201d? 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