{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T09:09:36Z","timestamp":1775984976642,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Using MRI-guided off-line TMS, we targeted two areas implicated in biological motion processing: ventral premotor cortex (PMC) and posterior STS (pSTS), plus a control site (vertex). Participants performed a detection task on noise-masked point-light displays of human animations and scrambled versions of the same stimuli. Perceptual thresholds were determined individually. Performance was measured before and after 20 sec of continuous theta burst stimulation of PMC, pSTS, and control (each tested on different days). A matched nonbiological object motion task (detecting point-light displays of translating polygons) served as a further control. Data were analyzed within the signal detection framework. Sensitivity (d\u2032) significantly decreased after TMS of PMC. There was a marginally significant decline in d\u2032 after TMS of pSTS but not of control site. Criterion (response bias) was also significantly affected by TMS over PMC. Specifically, subjects made significantly more false alarms post-TMS of PMC. These effects were specific to biological motion and not found for the nonbiological control task. To summarize, we report that TMS over PMC reduces sensitivity to biological motion perception. Furthermore, pSTS and PMC may have distinct roles in biological motion processing as behavioral performance differs following TMS in each area. Only TMS over PMC led to a significant increase in false alarms, which was not found for other brain areas or for the control task. TMS of PMC may have interfered with refining judgments about biological motion perception, possibly because access to the perceiver's own motor representations was compromised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T20:17:13Z","timestamp":1327090633000},"page":"896-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Effects of TMS over Premotor and Superior Temporal Cortices on Biological Motion Perception"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Bianca Michelle","family":"van Kemenade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"},{"name":"2Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Muggleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"},{"name":"3National Central University, Taiwan"},{"name":"4National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayse Pinar","family":"Saygin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"},{"name":"5University of California\u2014San Diego"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913172035600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1068\/p261539","article-title":"Perception of biological motion.","volume":"26","author":"Ahlstrom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"2021072913172035600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146426","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation elicits coupled neural and hemodynamic consequences.","volume":"317","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072913172035600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1050","article-title":"Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping.","volume":"6","author":"Bates","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913172035600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(03)00182-9","article-title":"Perception of biological motion in parietal patients.","volume":"41","author":"Battelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021072913172035600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00504.x","article-title":"Global processing of biological motion.","volume":"5","author":"Bertenthal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021072913172035600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.57.102904.190152","article-title":"Perception of human motion.","volume":"58","author":"Blake","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913172035600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The Psychophysics Toolbox.","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"key":"2021072913172035600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.07.065","article-title":"Seeing or doing? 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