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However, it is the third-person perspective that figures centrally in our understanding of the actions and intentions of others. To address this gap in the literature, we scanned participants with fMRI while they viewed two actions from either a first- or third-person perspective during some trials and executed the same actions during other trials. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we found action-specific cross-modal visual\u2013motor representations in PMv for the first-person but not for the third-person perspective. Additional analyses showed no evidence for spatial or attentional differences across the two perspective conditions. In contrast, more posterior areas in the parietal and occipitotemporal cortex did show cross-modal coding regardless of perspective. These findings point to a stronger role for these latter regions, relative to PMv, in supporting the understanding of others' actions with reference to one's own actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T20:17:13Z","timestamp":1327090633000},"page":"975-989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Viewpoint (In)dependence of Action Representations: An MVPA Study"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nikolaas N.","family":"Oosterhof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Tipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Downing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913172802200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6288","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0768-06.2006","article-title":"Possible origins of the complex topographic organization of motor cortex: Reduction of a multidimensional space onto a two-dimensional array.","volume":"26","author":"Aflalo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.005","article-title":"Continuous carry-over designs for fMRI.","volume":"35","author":"Aguirre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1241","article-title":"Extrastriate body area in human occipital cortex responds to the performance of motor actions.","volume":"7","author":"Astafiev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.9.1535","article-title":"Proprioception contributes to the sense of agency during visual observation of hand movements: Evidence from temporal judgments of action.","volume":"19","author":"Balslev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00215.2010","article-title":"Dissociable neural responses to hands and non-hand body parts in human left extrastriate visual cortex.","volume":"103","author":"Bracci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.12.022","article-title":"View-based encoding of actions in mirror neurons of area F5 in macaque premotor cortex.","volume":"21","author":"Caggiano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","article-title":"LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines.","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.08.068","article-title":"fMRI adaptation reveals mirror neurons in human inferior parietal cortex.","volume":"18","author":"Chong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.08.068","article-title":"fMRI adaptation reveals mirror neurons in human inferior parietal cortex\u2014Supplemental material.","volume":"18","author":"Chong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2021072913172802200_R9","unstructured":"Chung, M. 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