{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T02:59:28Z","timestamp":1773111568947,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several anatomical studies have identified specific anatomical features within the peri-sylvian brain system of absolute pitch (AP) musicians. In this study we used graph theoretical analysis of cortical thickness covariations (as indirect indicator of connectivity) to examine whether AP musicians differ from relative pitch musicians and nonmusicians in small-world network characteristics. We measured \u201clocal connectedness\u201d (local clustering = \u03b3), \u201cglobal efficiency of information transfer\u201d (path length = \u03bb), \u201csmall-worldness\u201d (\u03c3 = \u03b3\/\u03bb), and \u201cdegree\u201d centrality as measures of connectivity. Although all groups demonstrated typical small-world features, AP musicians showed significant small-world alterations. \u201cDegree\u201d as a measure of interconnectedness was globally significantly decreased in AP musicians. These differences let us suggest that AP musicians demonstrate diminished neural integration (less connections) among distant brain regions. In addition, AP musicians demonstrated significantly increased local connectivity in peri-sylvian language areas of which the planum temporale, planum polare, Heschl's gyrus, lateral aspect of the superior temporal gyrus, STS, pars triangularis, and pars opercularis were hub regions. All of these brain areas are known to be involved in higher-order auditory processing, working or semantic memory processes. Taken together, whereas AP musicians demonstrate decreased global interconnectedness, the local connectedness in peri-sylvian brain areas is significantly higher than for relative pitch musicians and nonmusicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T15:48:06Z","timestamp":1335196086000},"page":"1447-1461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Diminished Whole-brain but Enhanced Peri-sylvian Connectivity in Absolute Pitch Musicians"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lutz","family":"J\u00e4ncke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"H\u00e4nggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913205384200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030017","article-title":"Efficiency and cost of economical brain functional networks.","volume":"3","author":"Achard","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:3<206::AID-HBM5>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Motor cortex and hand motor skills: Structural compliance in the human brain.","volume":"5","author":"Amunts","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1970.tb01248.x","article-title":"A classification of hand preference by association analysis.","volume":"61","author":"Annett","year":"1970","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0696","article-title":"Increased gray matter density in the parietal cortex of mathematicians: A voxel-based morphometry study.","volume":"28","author":"Aydin","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05031.x","article-title":"Specialization of the specialized in features of external human brain morphology.","volume":"24","author":"Bangert","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400087101","article-title":"The architecture of complex weighted networks.","volume":"101","author":"Barrat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.024","article-title":"A big-world network in ASD: Dynamical connectivity analysis reflects a deficit in long-range connections and an excess of short-range connections.","volume":"49","author":"Barttfeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9228","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3340-04.2004","article-title":"Autism and abnormal development of brain connectivity.","volume":"24","author":"Belmonte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1516","article-title":"Extensive piano practicing has regionally specific effects on white matter development.","volume":"8","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn196","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of musicianship as revealed by cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry.","volume":"19","author":"Bermudez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq291","article-title":"Graph-theoretical analysis reveals disrupted small-world organization of cortical thickness correlation networks in temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"21","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12444","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1996-11.2011","article-title":"Training-induced neural plasticity in golf novices.","volume":"31","author":"Bezzola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903321208169","article-title":"Enhanced pitch sensitivity in individuals with autism: A signal detection analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Bonnel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7031","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0742-08.2008","article-title":"Training-induced brain structure changes in the elderly.","volume":"28","author":"Boyke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.05.004","article-title":"Absolute pitch in a four-year-old boy with autism.","volume":"39","author":"Brenton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022987309913","article-title":"Autism-related language, personality, and cognition in people with absolute pitch: Results of a preliminary study.","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","article-title":"Complex brain networks: Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems.","volume":"10","author":"Bullmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3281a030e5","article-title":"Practice and perfect: Length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists.","volume":"18","author":"Cannonieri","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1121\/1.409840","article-title":"Neural processing of musical timbre by musicians, nonmusicians, and musicians possessing absolute pitch.","volume":"95","author":"Crummer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis: I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction.","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest.","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010","article-title":"Automatic parcellation of human cortical gyri and sulci using standard anatomical nomenclature.","volume":"53","author":"Destrieux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3081389","article-title":"Absolute pitch among students in an American music conservatory: Association with tone language fluency.","volume":"125","author":"Deutsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2151799","article-title":"Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: Prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period.","volume":"119","author":"Deutsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/427311a","article-title":"Neuroplasticity: Changes in grey matter induced by training.","volume":"427","author":"Draganski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6314","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4628-05.2006","article-title":"Temporal and spatial dynamics of brain structure changes during extensive learning.","volume":"26","author":"Draganski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002669","article-title":"Changes in gray matter induced by learning\u2014Revisited.","volume":"3","author":"Driemeyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr142","article-title":"Neurofunctional and behavioral correlates of phonetic and temporal categorization in musically trained and untrained subjects.","volume":"22","author":"Elmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00211","article-title":"Implicit memory in music and language.","volume":"2","author":"Ettlinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","article-title":"Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images.","volume":"97","author":"Fischl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906426","article-title":"Automated manifold surgery: Constructing geometrically accurate and topologically correct models of the human cerebral cortex.","volume":"20","author":"Fischl","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X","article-title":"Whole brain segmentation: Automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain.","volume":"33","author":"Fischl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.016","article-title":"Sequence-independent segmentation of magnetic resonance images.","volume":"23(Suppl. 1)","author":"Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis: II. Inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system.","volume":"9","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface.","volume":"8","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087","article-title":"Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex.","volume":"14","author":"Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8733(78)90021-7","article-title":"Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification.","volume":"1","author":"Freeman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1284.062","article-title":"Gray matter differences between musicians and nonmusicians.","volume":"999","author":"Gaser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9240","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-27-09240.2003","article-title":"Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians.","volume":"23","author":"Gaser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00146","article-title":"Native experience with a tone language enhances pitch discrimination and the timing of neural responses to pitch change.","volume":"2","author":"Giuliano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15684","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2308-09.2009","article-title":"Age- and gender-related differences in the cortical anatomical network.","volume":"29","author":"Gong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02191-4","article-title":"The planum temporale as a computational hub.","volume":"25","author":"Griffiths","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-010-0205-z","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional connectivity MRI in normal and pathological brain networks.","volume":"23","author":"Guye","year":"2010","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00156","article-title":"Effects of practice and experience on the arcuate fasciculus: Comparing singers, instrumentalists, and non-musicians.","volume":"2","author":"Halwani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5816","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0964-10.2011","article-title":"Globally altered structural brain network topology in grapheme-color synesthesia.","volume":"31","author":"H\u00e4nggi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1121\/1.419718","article-title":"Absolute pitch and sex effect event-related potential activity for a melodic interval discrimination task.","volume":"102","author":"Hantz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl149","article-title":"Small-world anatomical networks in the human brain revealed by cortical thickness from MRI.","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4756","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0141-08.2008","article-title":"Structural insights into aberrant topological patterns of large-scale cortical networks in Alzheimer's disease.","volume":"28","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858409334423","article-title":"Neuronal networks in Alzheimer's disease.","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00143","article-title":"Pitch memory, labelling and disembedding in autism.","volume":"44","author":"Heaton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.006","article-title":"Research note: Exceptional absolute pitch perception for spoken words in an able adult with autism.","volume":"46","author":"Heaton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20148","article-title":"Superior temporal sulcus\u2014It's my area: Or is it?","volume":"20","author":"Hein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.09.031.2009","article-title":"The human brain in numbers: A linearly scaled-up primate brain.","volume":"3","author":"Herculano-Houzel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.01.001.2009","article-title":"Left temporal lobe structural and functional abnormality underlying auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.","volume":"3","author":"Hugdahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0002051","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002051","article-title":"Network \u201csmall-world-ness\u201d: A quantitative method for determining canonical network equivalence.","volume":"3","author":"Humphries","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3354","article-title":"The brainstem reticular formation is a small-world, not scale-free, network.","volume":"273","author":"Humphries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.9.943","article-title":"Cerebellar volume of musicians.","volume":"13","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5118-08.2009","article-title":"Musical training shapes structural brain development.","volume":"29","author":"Hyde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20887","article-title":"Neuroanatomical differences in brain areas implicated in perceptual and other core features of autism revealed by cortical thickness analysis and voxel-based morphometry.","volume":"31","author":"Hyde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.02.025","article-title":"White matter plasticity in the corticospinal tract of musicians: A diffusion tensor imaging study.","volume":"46","author":"Imfeld","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2009-0519","article-title":"The plastic human brain.","volume":"27","author":"J\u00e4ncke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.2000.2476","article-title":"Focused and nonfocused attention in verbal and emotional dichotic listening: An FMRI study.","volume":"78","author":"J\u00e4ncke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0925","article-title":"Absolute pitch and planum temporale.","volume":"14","author":"Keenan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1126\/science.223.4642.1306","article-title":"People with absolute pitch process tones without producing a p300.","volume":"223","author":"Klein","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.9.878","article-title":"Regionally localized thinning of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia.","volume":"60","author":"Kuperberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4822-06.2007","article-title":"Action representation of sound: Audiomotor recognition network while listening to newly acquired actions.","volume":"27","author":"Lahav","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R68","article-title":"Functional brain network efficiency predicts intelligence.","author":"Langer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping."},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.042","article-title":"Mapping anatomical correlations across cerebral cortex (MACACC) using cortical thickness from MRI.","volume":"31","author":"Lerch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.11.007","article-title":"Absolute pitch: Perception, coding, and controversies.","volume":"9","author":"Levitin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21500","article-title":"Enhanced cortical connectivity in absolute pitch musicians: A model for local hyperconnectivity.","volume":"23","author":"Loui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.01.032","article-title":"A voxel-based approach to gray matter asymmetries.","volume":"22","author":"Luders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8303","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0357-05.2005","article-title":"Structural covariance in the human cortex.","volume":"25","author":"Mechelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07795.x","article-title":"Long-term exposure to music enhances the sensitivity of the auditory system in children.","volume":"34","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(99)00039-7","article-title":"Neurocognition of auditory sentence comprehension: Event related fMRI reveals sensitivity to syntactic violations and task demands.","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Research, Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2307\/40285599","article-title":"Absolute pitch as an inability: Identification of musical intervals in a tonal context.","volume":"11","author":"Miyazaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Music Perception"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03205455","article-title":"Perception of relative pitch with different references: Some absolute-pitch listeners can't tell musical interval names.","volume":"57","author":"Miyazaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5584.2004.00260.x","article-title":"Recognition of transponsed melodies by absolute-pitch possessors.","volume":"46","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Japanese Psychological Research"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194776","article-title":"Recognition of notated melodies by possessors and nonpossessors of absolute pitch.","volume":"64","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-0040-7","article-title":"Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update, and eight principles of autistic perception.","volume":"36","author":"Mottron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn843","article-title":"The musician's brain as a model of neuroplasticity.","volume":"3","author":"Munte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"056131","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.70.056131","article-title":"Analysis of weighted networks.","volume":"70","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-4-13","article-title":"Top\u2013down and bottom\u2013up modulation of language related areas\u2014An fMRI study.","volume":"4","author":"Noesselt","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R84","first-page":"76","article-title":"The plasticity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus as a function of musical expertise: A diffusion tensor imaging study.","volume":"3","author":"Oechslin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp113","article-title":"Absolute pitch-functional evidence of speech-relevant auditory acuity.","volume":"20","author":"Oechslin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.8.754","article-title":"Functional anatomy of musical perception in musicians.","volume":"11","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R87","volume-title":"Structure and evolution of weighted networks.","author":"Opsahl","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2010.03.006","article-title":"Node centrality in weighted networks: Generalizing degree and shortest paths.","volume":"32","author":"Opsahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168702","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.168702","article-title":"Prominence and control: The weighted rich-club effect.","volume":"101","author":"Opsahl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2009.02.002","article-title":"Clustering in weighted networks.","volume":"31","author":"Opsahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00195","article-title":"Processing of voiced and unvoiced acoustic stimuli in musicians.","volume":"2","author":"Ott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21015","article-title":"Patterns and dynamics of users' behavior and interaction: Network analysis of an online community.","volume":"60","author":"Panzarasa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00142","article-title":"Why would musical training benefit the neural encoding of speech? The OPERA hypothesis.","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.5.695","article-title":"Regional and progressive thinning of the cortical ribbon in Huntington's disease.","volume":"58","author":"Rosas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh032","article-title":"Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging.","volume":"14","author":"Salat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05739.x","article-title":"The brain of musicians. A model for functional and structural adaptation.","volume":"930","author":"Schlaug","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00045-5","article-title":"Increased corpus callosum size in musicians.","volume":"33","author":"Schlaug","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7839149","article-title":"In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians.","volume":"267","author":"Schlaug","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00054-X","article-title":"Differences in white matter architecture between musicians and non-musicians: A diffusion tensor imaging study.","volume":"321","author":"Schmithorst","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1360.033","article-title":"Structural, functional, and perceptual differences in Heschl's gyrus and musical instrument preference.","volume":"1060","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00167","article-title":"Musical expertise and statistical learning of musical and linguistic structures.","volume":"2","author":"Schon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-106","article-title":"Perceiving pitch absolutely: Comparing absolute and relative pitch possessors in a pitch memory task.","volume":"10","author":"Schulze","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07470.x","article-title":"Neural correlates of strategy use during auditory working memory in musicians and non-musicians.","volume":"33","author":"Schulze","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21060","article-title":"Neuroarchitecture of verbal and tonal working memory in nonmusicians and musicians.","volume":"32","author":"Schulze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2010.519228","article-title":"Superior estimation abilities in two autistic spectrum children.","volume":"27","author":"Soulieres","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e369","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020369","article-title":"Motifs in brain networks.","volume":"2","author":"Sporns","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.2.127","article-title":"Theoretical neuroanatomy: Relating anatomical and functional connectivity in graphs and cortical connection matrices.","volume":"10","author":"Sporns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1385\/NI:2:2:145","article-title":"The small world of the cerebral cortex.","volume":"2","author":"Sporns","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-4631-1-3","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of complex networks in the brain.","volume":"1","author":"Stam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nonlinear Biomedical Physics"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.2.345","article-title":"Absolute pitch.","volume":"113","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.054","article-title":"Neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control of speech.","volume":"39","author":"Tourville","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7619","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1443-09.2009","article-title":"Efficiency of functional brain networks and intellectual performance.","volume":"29","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of \u201csmall-world\u201d networks.","volume":"393","author":"Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm115","article-title":"Volume of left Heschl's gyrus and linguistic pitch learning.","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1085","article-title":"Absolute pitch: A model for understanding the influence of genes and development on neural and cognitive function.","volume":"6","author":"Zatorre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913205384200_R116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3172","article-title":"Functional anatomy of musical processing in listeners with absolute pitch and relative pitch.","volume":"95","author":"Zatorre","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/24\/6\/1447\/1943868\/jocn_a_00227.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/24\/6\/1447\/1943868\/jocn_a_00227.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T18:55:28Z","timestamp":1713898528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/24\/6\/1447\/27793\/Diminished-Whole-brain-but-Enhanced-Peri-sylvian"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]}}}