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In the current study, two groups of adult participants were trained to categorize speech sounds taken from a dental\/retroflex\/velar continuum according to two different boundary locations. Behavioral results suggest that for successful learners, categorization training led to increased discrimination accuracy for between-category contrasts with no concomitant increase for within-category contrasts. Neural responses to the learned category schemes were measured using a short-interval habituation design during fMRI scanning. Whereas both inferior frontal and temporal regions showed sensitivity to phonetic contrasts sampled from the continuum, only the bilateral middle frontal gyri exhibited a pattern consistent with encoding of the learned category scheme. Taken together, these results support a view in which top\u2013down information about category membership may reshape perceptual sensitivities via attention or executive mechanisms in the frontal lobes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,23]],"date-time":"2012-05-23T16:18:14Z","timestamp":1337789894000},"page":"1695-1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Effects of Category Learning on Neural Sensitivity to Non-native Phonetic Categories"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Emily B.","family":"Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Connecticut"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Birkbeck, University of London"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913231145100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21279","article-title":"Changes in sensory evoked responses coincide with rapid improvement in speech identification performance.","volume":"22","author":"Alain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913231145100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.2001.2484","article-title":"Parametrically dissociating speech and nonspeech perception in the brain using fMRI.","volume":"78","author":"Benson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2021072913231145100_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/00238309030460020701","article-title":"Infant perception of non-native consonant contrasts that adults assimilate in different ways.","volume":"46","author":"Best","year":"2003","journal-title":"Language and Speech"},{"key":"2021072913231145100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1332378","article-title":"Discrimination of non-native consonant contrasts varying in perceptual assimilation to the listener's native phonological system.","volume":"109","author":"Best","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"2021072913231145100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1198","article-title":"Neural correlates of sensory and decision processes in auditory object identification.","volume":"7","author":"Binder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913231145100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929054985473","article-title":"The perception of voice onset time: An fMRI investigation of phonetic category structure.","volume":"17","author":"Blumstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913231145100_R7","first-page":"341","article-title":"Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer.","volume":"5","author":"Boersma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glot International"},{"key":"2021072913231145100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1121\/1.418276","article-title":"Training Japanese listeners to identify English \/r\/ and \/l\/: IV. 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