{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T20:09:22Z","timestamp":1780690162416,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aging is related to cognitive decline, and it has been reported that aging disrupts some resting state brain networks. However, most studies have focused on the default mode network and ignored other resting state networks. In this study, we measured resting state activity using fMRI and explored whether cognitive decline with aging is related to disrupted resting state networks. Independent component analysis was used to evaluate functional connectivity. Notably, the connectivity within the salience network that consisted of the bilateral insula and the anterior cingulated cortex decreased with aging; the impairment of functional connectivity was correlated with measured decreases in individual cognitive abilities. Furthermore, certain internetwork connectivities (salience to auditory, default mode to visual, etc.) also decreased with aging. These results suggest that (1) aging affects not only the default mode network but also other networks, specifically the salience network; (2) aging affects internetwork connectivity; and (3) disruption of the salience network is related to cognitive decline in elderly people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,11]],"date-time":"2012-07-11T15:58:53Z","timestamp":1342022333000},"page":"2186-2198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":300,"title":["Decreased Functional Connectivity by Aging Is Associated with Cognitive Decline"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Onoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913271527400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030017","article-title":"Efficiency and cost of economical brain functional networks.","volume":"3","author":"Achard","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00002","article-title":"A baseline for the multivariate comparison of resting-state networks.","volume":"5","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","article-title":"A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm.","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.067","article-title":"Abnormal functional connectivity of default mode sub-networks in autism spectrum disorder patients.","volume":"53","author":"Assaf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1634","article-title":"Investigations into resting-state connectivity using independent component analysis.","volume":"360","author":"Beckmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911855107","article-title":"Toward discovery science of human brain function.","volume":"107","author":"Biswal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg133","article-title":"Task-independent and task-specific age effects on brain activity during working memory, visual attention and episodic retrieval.","volume":"14","author":"Cabeza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1048","article-title":"A method for making group inferences from functional MRI data using independent component analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Calhoun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.011","article-title":"Biological parametric mapping: A statistical toolbox for multimodality brain image analysis.","volume":"34","author":"Casanova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20749","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration.","volume":"493","author":"Critchley","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm207","article-title":"Reduced resting-state brain activity in the \u201cdefault network\u201d in normal aging.","volume":"18","author":"Damoiseaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13848","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601417103","article-title":"Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects.","volume":"103","author":"Damoiseaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20482","article-title":"Integrated local correlation: A new measure of local coherence in fMRI data.","volume":"30","author":"Deshpande","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.279","article-title":"Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour.","volume":"118","author":"Devinsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11073","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704320104","article-title":"Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans.","volume":"104","author":"Dosenbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1621","article-title":"The FAB: A Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside.","volume":"55","author":"Dubois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089134","article-title":"Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion.","volume":"302","author":"Eisenberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2008.01.045","article-title":"Independent component model of the default-mode brain function: Combining individual-level and population-level analyses in resting-state fMRI.","volume":"26","author":"Esposito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-1002-6","article-title":"Aging.","volume":"29","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821ccc83","article-title":"Resting bold fMRI differentiates dementia with Lewy bodies vs Alzheimer disease.","volume":"76","author":"Galvin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R22","article-title":"Alterations of the salience network in obesity: A resting-state fMRI study.","author":"Garcia-Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping."},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0786","article-title":"A voxel-based morphometric study of ageing in 465 normal adult human brains.","volume":"14","author":"Good","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.020","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in major depression: Abnormally increased contributions from subgenual cingulate cortex and thalamus.","volume":"62","author":"Greicius","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308627101","article-title":"Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from healthy aging: Evidence from functional MRI.","volume":"101","author":"Greicius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-010-0205-z","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional connectivity MRI in normal and pathological brain networks.","volume":"23","author":"Guye","year":"2010","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8586","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1868-09.2009","article-title":"Distinct cerebellar contributions to intrinsic connectivity networks.","volume":"29","author":"Habas","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1080\/02724990444000113","article-title":"A mini-review of fMRI studies of human medial temporal lobe activity associated with recognition memory.","volume":"58","author":"Henson","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Series B, Comparative and Physiological Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03337760","article-title":"Dysexecutive performances of healthy oldest olds at the Frontal Assessment Battery.","volume":"23","author":"Iavarone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.001","article-title":"A method for functional network connectivity among spatially independent resting-state components in schizophrenia.","volume":"39","author":"Jafri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2011.07.007","article-title":"Aberrant default mode network in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment using resting-state functional MRI.","volume":"30","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.193672","article-title":"The neuropsychological impact of insular cortex lesions.","volume":"81","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.008","article-title":"Effects of aging on default mode network activity in resting state fMRI: Does the method of analysis matter?","volume":"51","author":"Koch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031877","article-title":"The neuronal correlates of digits backward are revealed by voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity analyses.","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)6:3<160::AID-HBM5>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation into independent spatial components.","volume":"6","author":"McKeown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.062","article-title":"Age-related changes in modular organization of human brain functional networks.","volume":"44","author":"Meunier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3995\/jstroke.20.318","article-title":"Assessment of motivational loss in poststroke patients using the Japanese version of Starkstein's Apathy Scale.","volume":"20","author":"Okada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Stroke"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910902955884","article-title":"Decreased ventral anterior cingulate cortex activity is associated with reduced social pain during emotional support.","volume":"4","author":"Onoda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsq002","article-title":"Does low self-esteem enhance social pain? The relationship between trait self-esteem and anterior cingulate cortex activation induced by ostracism.","volume":"5","author":"Onoda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.4.632","article-title":"Evidence for cortical \u201cdisconnection\u201d as a mechanism of age-related cognitive decline.","volume":"57","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1769","article-title":"Psychological and neural mechanisms of the affective dimension of pain.","volume":"288","author":"Price","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.025","article-title":"Impairment and compensation coexist in amnestic MCI default mode network.","volume":"50","author":"Qi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1126\/science. 1134405","article-title":"Neuroscience. The brain's dark energy.","volume":"314","author":"Raichle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.07.001","article-title":"Differential aging of the brain: Patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers.","volume":"30","author":"Raz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d9ed91","article-title":"Default-mode network dysfunction and cognitive impairment in progressive MS.","volume":"74","author":"Rocca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2190\/H0AR-68HR-RRPE-LRBH","article-title":"Age related differences in the strategies used by middle aged adults to solve a block design task.","volume":"60","author":"Rozencwajg","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Aging & Human Development"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-010-0197-8","article-title":"A method for evaluating dynamic functional network connectivity and task-modulation: Application to schizophrenia.","volume":"23","author":"Sakoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.6.779","article-title":"Relation of measured brain glucose utilisation and cerebral atrophy in man.","volume":"50","author":"Schlageter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007","article-title":"Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control.","volume":"27","author":"Seeley","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04418.x","article-title":"The social neuroscience of empathy.","volume":"1156","author":"Singer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18760","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708803104","article-title":"Selective changes of resting-state networks in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.","volume":"104","author":"Sorg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.4.2.134","article-title":"Reliability, validity, and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease.","volume":"4","author":"Starkstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02422.x","article-title":"Stress-induced activation of the HPA axis predicts connectivity between subgenual cingulate and salience network during rest in adolescents.","volume":"52","author":"Thomason","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.81","article-title":"Aging and functional brain networks.","volume":"17","author":"Tomasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20022","article-title":"Functional connectivity as revealed by spatial independent component analysis of fMRI measurements during rest.","volume":"22","author":"van de Ven","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20968","article-title":"Cognitive and default-mode resting state networks: Do male and female brains \u201crest\u201d differently?","volume":"31","author":"Weissman-Fogel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.03.010","article-title":"Functional resting-state networks are differentially affected in schizophrenia.","volume":"130","author":"Woodward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22420","article-title":"Fiber pathways and cortical connections of preoccipital areas in rhesus monkeys.","volume":"518","author":"Yeterian","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091701","article-title":"Resting brain connectivity: Changes during the progress of Alzheimer disease.","volume":"256","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq075","article-title":"Divergent network connectivity changes in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.","volume":"133","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913271527400_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008","article-title":"A Self-rating Depression Scale.","volume":"12","author":"Zung","year":"1965","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/24\/11\/2186\/1944862\/jocn_a_00269.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/24\/11\/2186\/1944862\/jocn_a_00269.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T18:44:34Z","timestamp":1714157074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/24\/11\/2186\/27852\/Decreased-Functional-Connectivity-by-Aging-Is"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00269","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]}}}