{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:59:31Z","timestamp":1765040371102},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A central feature of voluntary movement is the sense of volition, but when this sense arises in the course of movement formulation and execution is not clear. Many studies have explored how the brain might be actively preparing movement before the sense of volition; however, because the timing of the sense of volition has depended on subjective and retrospective judgments, these findings are still regarded with a degree of scepticism. EEG events such as beta event-related desynchronization and movement-related cortical potentials are associated with the brain's programming of movement. Using an optimized EEG signal derived from multiple variables, we were able to make real-time predictions of movements in advance of their occurrence with a low false-positive rate. We asked participants what they were thinking at the time of prediction: Sometimes they were thinking about movement, and other times they were not. Our results indicate that the brain can be preparing to make voluntary movements while participants are thinking about something else.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T17:18:19Z","timestamp":1359566299000},"page":"822-829","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["What We Think before a Voluntary Movement"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Logan","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Institutes of Health"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Houdayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Institutes of Health"}]},{"given":"Ou","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"2Virginia Commonwealth University"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Institutes of Health"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913303489400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00956.2007","article-title":"Probability-based prediction of activity in multiple arm muscles: Implications for functional electrical stimulation.","volume":"100","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072913303489400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.08.025","article-title":"Exploration of computational methods for classification of movement intention during human voluntary movement from single trial EEG.","volume":"118","author":"Bai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072913303489400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.01.006","article-title":"Asymmetric spatiotemporal patterns of event-related desynchronization preceding voluntary sequential finger movements: A high-resolution EEG study.","volume":"116","author":"Bai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072913303489400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.07.010","article-title":"Prediction of human voluntary movement before it occurs.","volume":"122","author":"Bai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072913303489400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E42","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0000042","article-title":"Learning to control a brain-machine interface for reaching and grasping by primates.","volume":"1","author":"Carmena","year":"2003","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"key":"2021072913303489400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1234","article-title":"Using multi-neuron population recordings for neural prosthetics.","volume":"7","author":"Chapin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913303489400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2007.09.005","article-title":"Biases in the subjective timing of perceptual events: Libet et al. 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