{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:25:36Z","timestamp":1762251936973},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>It is typically assumed that the conscious experience of wanting to move is not the driving force for motor planning, but the secondary consequence of the unconscious neural processes preparing the movement. A recent study by Schneider et al. [Schneider, L., Houdayer, E., Bai, O., &amp; Hallett, M. What we think before a voluntary movement. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 822\u2013829, 2013] seems consistent with this dominant view by showing that the brain can be preparing to make voluntary movements not only \u201cprior to the conscious appreciation that this is happening\u201d but also \u201cwhile subjects are thinking about something else.\u201d However, an alternative hypothesis exists. It is supported by several lines of evidence and suggests that the early neural signals recorded by Schneider et al. (and others) do not reflect movement preparation per se, but rather a buildup in neural activity that ultimately leads to the emergence of a conscious intention to move. According to this view, the conscious experience of wanting to move is not the consequence but the cause of movement initiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T13:40:30Z","timestamp":1360849230000},"page":"830-833","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Searching for the Neural Correlates of Conscious Intention"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Michel","family":"Desmurget","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, CNRS, UMR 5229, Bron, France"},{"name":"2Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Lyon"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072913295132700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21173","article-title":"Moving with or without will: Functional neural correlates of alien hand syndrome.","volume":"62","author":"Assal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.07.010","article-title":"Prediction of human voluntary movement before it occurs.","volume":"122","author":"Bai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0507","article-title":"The role of higher-order motor areas in voluntary movement as revealed by high-resolution EEG and fMRI.","volume":"10","author":"Ball","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20987","article-title":"\u201cParadoxical kinesis\u201d is not a hallmark of Parkinson's disease but a general property of the motor system.","volume":"21","author":"Ballanger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.7.462","article-title":"The unbearable automaticity of being.","volume":"54","author":"Bargh","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050902","article-title":"Parieto-frontal coding of reaching: An integrated framework.","volume":"129","author":"Burnod","year":"1999","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.6.893","article-title":"The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction.","volume":"76","author":"Chartrand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh206","article-title":"On-line motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease.","volume":"127","author":"Desmurget","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1593-3","article-title":"Basal ganglia network mediates the control of movement amplitude.","volume":"153","author":"Desmurget","year":"2003","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169896","article-title":"Movement intention after parietal cortex stimulation in humans.","volume":"324","author":"Desmurget","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.08.001","article-title":"A parietal-premotor network for movement intention and motor awareness.","volume":"13","author":"Desmurget","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.06.006","article-title":"Conscious motor intention emerges in the inferior parietal lobule.","volume":"22","author":"Desmurget","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R13","first-page":"1","article-title":"The perception-behavior expressway: Automatic effects of social perception on social behavior.","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"Dijksterhuis","year":"2001"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.045","article-title":"Internally generated preactivation of single neurons in human medial frontal cortex predicts volition.","volume":"69","author":"Fried","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.04.012","article-title":"Conscious intention and motor cognition.","volume":"9","author":"Haggard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2497","article-title":"Human volition: Towards a neuroscience of will.","volume":"9","author":"Haggard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050722","article-title":"On the relation between brain potentials and the awareness of voluntary movements.","volume":"126","author":"Haggard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.03.019","article-title":"Volitional control of movement: The physiology of free will.","volume":"118","author":"Hallett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.05.041","article-title":"Proactive inhibitory control of movement assessed by event-related fMRI.","volume":"42","author":"Jaffard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090973","article-title":"Attention to intention.","volume":"303","author":"Lau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/106.3.623","article-title":"Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential). The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act.","volume":"106","author":"Libet","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.6.1013","article-title":"From sensation to cognition.","volume":"121","author":"Mesulam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582303260119","article-title":"The alien hand: Cases, categorizations, and anatomical correlates.","volume":"2","author":"Scepkowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00360","article-title":"What we think before a voluntary movement.","volume":"25","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1160","article-title":"Altered awareness of voluntary action after damage to the parietal cortex.","volume":"7","author":"Sirigu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/477023a","article-title":"Neuroscience vs philosophy: Taking aim at free will.","volume":"477","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858408314435","article-title":"At the edge of consciousness: Automatic motor activation and voluntary control.","volume":"14","author":"Sumner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2009.08.006","article-title":"Brain preparation before a voluntary action: Evidence against unconscious movement initiation.","volume":"19","author":"Trevena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858411435128","article-title":"Information processing in decision-making systems.","volume":"18","author":"van der Meer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2021072913295132700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/35042582","article-title":"Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates.","volume":"408","author":"Wessberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/25\/6\/830\/1945242\/jocn_a_00368.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/25\/6\/830\/1945242\/jocn_a_00368.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T14:24:25Z","timestamp":1627568665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/25\/6\/830\/27953\/Searching-for-the-Neural-Correlates-of-Conscious"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00368","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]}}}