{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T07:57:09Z","timestamp":1778054229678,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The need to engage in multiple tasks simultaneously is often encountered in everyday experience, but coordinating between two or more tasks can lead to impaired performance. Typical investigations of multitasking impairments have focused on the performance of two tasks presented in close temporal proximity on discrete trials; however, such paradigms do not match well with the continuous performance situations more typically encountered outside the laboratory. As a result, the stages of information processing that are affected during multisensory continuous dual tasks and how these changes in processing relate to behavior remain unclear. To address these issues, participants were presented simultaneous rapid visual and auditory stimulus sequences under three conditions: attend visual only, attend auditory only, and dual attention (attend both visual and auditory). Performance, measured in terms of response time and perceptual sensitivity (d\u2032), revealed dual-task impairments only in the auditory task. Neural activity, measured by the ERP technique, revealed that both early stage sensory processing and later cognitive processing of the auditory task were affected by dual-task performance, but similar stages of processing of the visual task were not. Critically, individual differences in neural activity at both early and late stages of information processing accurately rank-ordered individuals based on the observed difference in behavioral performance between the single and dual attention conditions. These results reveal relationships between behavioral performance and the neural correlates of both early and late stage information processing that provide key insights into the complex interplay between the brain and behavior when multiple tasks are performed continuously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,18]],"date-time":"2013-09-18T13:46:34Z","timestamp":1379511994000},"page":"476-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Isolating the Neural Mechanisms of Interference during Continuous Multisensory Dual-task Performance"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ryan W.","family":"Kasper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Santa Barbara"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Cecotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Santa Barbara"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Touryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel P.","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Santa Barbara"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Giesbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Santa Barbara"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000375504600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/00335557243000102","article-title":"On the division of attention: A disproof of the single channel hypothesis.","volume":"24","author":"Allport","year":"1972","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206464","article-title":"Dissociating sources of dual-task interference using human electrophysiology.","volume":"11","author":"Arnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00056","article-title":"Vision and audition do not share attentional resources in sustained tasks.","volume":"2","author":"Arrighi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate\u2014A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing.","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, Methodological"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3282f0b559","article-title":"Stimulus intensity affects the latency but not the amplitude of the N2pc.","volume":"18","author":"Brisson","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R6","first-page":"6311","article-title":"Multimodal target detection using single trial evoked EEG responses in single and dual-tasks.","volume":"2011","author":"Cecotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conference Proceedings: IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.030","article-title":"Predicting variations of perceptual performance across individuals from neural activity using pattern classifiers.","volume":"51","author":"Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R8","first-page":"965","article-title":"Multiple bottlenecks in overlapping task-performance.","volume":"19","author":"de Jong","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2009.09.013","article-title":"Dynamic crossmodal links revealed by steady-state responses in auditory\u2013visual divided attention.","volume":"75","author":"de Jong","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2281-2","article-title":"Central processing overlap modulates P3 latency.","volume":"165","author":"Dell'Acqua","year":"2005","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R11","first-page":"392","article-title":"Passenger and cell phone conversations in simulated driving.","volume":"14","author":"Drews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R12","volume-title":"Pattern classification","author":"Duda","year":"2001","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1977.tb01312.x","article-title":"On quantifying surprise: The variation of event-related potentials with subjective probability.","volume":"14","author":"Duncan-Johnson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.026","article-title":"Cortical origins of response time variability during rapid discrimination of visual objects.","volume":"28","author":"Gerson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220210159717","article-title":"Neurophysiological measures of cognitive workload during human\u2013computer interaction.","volume":"4","author":"Gevins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21468","article-title":"Active listening impairs visual perception and selectivity: An ERP study of auditory dual-task costs on visual attention.","volume":"23","author":"Gherri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R17","volume-title":"Signal detection theory and psychophysics.","author":"Green","year":"1966"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4108.177","article-title":"Electrical signs of selective attention in the human brain.","volume":"182","author":"Hillyard","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(98)80141-4","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of early perceptual processing.","volume":"8","author":"Hillyard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00146.x","article-title":"P300 and tracking difficulty: Evidence for multiple resources in dual-task performance.","volume":"17","author":"Isreal","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.040","article-title":"A crossmodal crossover: Opposite effects of visual and auditory perceptual load on steady-state evoked potentials to irrelevant visual stimuli.","volume":"61","author":"Jacoby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.07.067","article-title":"When audition alters vision: An event-related potential study of the cross-modal interactions between faces and voices.","volume":"369","author":"Joassin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.12.075","article-title":"A decrease in brain activation associated with driving when listening to someone speak.","volume":"1205","author":"Just","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00137-8","article-title":"Cortical visual processing is temporally dispersed by luminance in human subjects.","volume":"263","author":"Kammer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2011.11.005","article-title":"Multiple measures of visual attention predict novice motor skill performance when attention is focused externally.","volume":"31","author":"Kasper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(96)05221-0","article-title":"Event-related-potential (ERP) reflections of mental resources: A review and synthesis.","volume":"45","author":"Kok","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.6.1135","article-title":"Telephone conversation impairs sustained visual attention via a central bottleneck.","volume":"15","author":"Kunar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1126\/science.887923","article-title":"Augmenting mental chronometry: The P300 as a measure of stimulus evaluation time.","volume":"197","author":"Kutas","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2006.00413.x","article-title":"Attentional limitations in doing two tasks at once\u2014The search for exceptions.","volume":"15","author":"Lien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00043","article-title":"Sources of dual-task interference: Evidence from human electrophysiology.","volume":"9","author":"Luck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R31","volume-title":"Detection theory: A user's guide.","author":"Macmillan","year":"1991"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203106","article-title":"Allocation of visual attention to spatial locations: Tradeoff functions for event-related brain potentials and detection performance.","volume":"47","author":"Mangun","year":"1990","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.063","article-title":"A shared cortical bottleneck underlying attentional blink and psychological refractory period.","volume":"59","author":"Marti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.104.1.3","article-title":"A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple-task performance: 1. Basic mechanisms.","volume":"104","author":"Meyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1177\/154193128502901016","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials and intermodal divided attention.","volume":"29","author":"Parasuraman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.116.2.220","article-title":"Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory.","volume":"116","author":"Pashler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1549","article-title":"Timing of the brain events underlying access to consciousness during the attentional blink.","volume":"8","author":"Sergent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112040-00049","article-title":"Sound alters visual evoked potentials in humans.","volume":"12","author":"Shams","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(97)01094-2","article-title":"The attentional blink.","volume":"1","author":"Shapiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030037","article-title":"Parsing a cognitive task: A characterization of the mind's bottleneck.","volume":"3","author":"Sigman","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7585","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0948-08.2008","article-title":"Brain mechanisms of serial and parallel processing during dual-task performance.","volume":"28","author":"Sigman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3920236","article-title":"Effects of a dual task on the N100\u2013P200 complex and the early and late Nd attention waveforms.","volume":"39","author":"Singhal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006777724471","article-title":"A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver.","volume":"48","author":"Strayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00386","article-title":"Driven to distraction: Dual-task studies of simulated driving and conversing on a cellular telephone.","volume":"12","author":"Strayer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3700.1187","article-title":"Evoked-potential correlates of stimulus uncertainty.","volume":"150","author":"Sutton","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0073262","article-title":"The refractory phase of voluntary and associative responses.","volume":"14","author":"Telford","year":"1931","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00230-8","article-title":"Face recognition under varying poses: The role of texture and shape.","volume":"36","author":"Troje","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.11.002","article-title":"Suppression of brain activity related to a car-following task with an auditory task: An fMRI study.","volume":"15","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F\u2014Traffic Psychology and Behaviour"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R49","first-page":"1656","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for a postperceptual locus of suppression during the attentional blink.","volume":"24","author":"Vogel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(67)90040-6","article-title":"Single-channel operation in brain.","volume":"27","author":"Welford","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.02.014","article-title":"Event-related potentials and secondary task performance during simulated driving.","volume":"40","author":"Wester","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accident Analysis & Prevention"},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8722","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.18.8722","article-title":"Modulation of early sensory processing in human auditory cortex during auditory selective attention.","volume":"90","author":"Woldorff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021073000375504600_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000765","article-title":"The brain's router: A cortical network model of serial processing in the primate brain.","volume":"6","author":"Zylberberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/26\/3\/476\/1946854\/jocn_a_00480.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/26\/3\/476\/1946854\/jocn_a_00480.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T23:18:09Z","timestamp":1715987889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/26\/3\/476\/28072\/Isolating-the-Neural-Mechanisms-of-Interference"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00480","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]}}}