{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:14:24Z","timestamp":1779203664679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Spatial attention is a lateralized feature of the human brain. Whereas the role of cortical areas of the nondominant hemisphere on spatial attention has been investigated in detail, the impact of the BG, and more precisely the subthalamic nucleus, on signs and symptoms of spatial attention is not well understood. Here we used unilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus to reversibly, specifically, and intraindividually modify the neuronal BG outflow and its consequences on signs and symptoms of visuospatial attention in patients suffering from Parkinson disease. We tested 13 patients with Parkinson disease and chronic deep brain stimulation in three stimulation settings: unilateral right and left deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus as well as bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In all three stimulation settings, the patients viewed a set of pictures while an eye-tracker system recorded eye movements. During the exploration of the visual stimuli, we analyzed the time spent in each visual hemispace, as well as the number, duration, amplitude, peak velocity, acceleration peak, and speed of saccades. In the unilateral left-sided stimulation setting, patients show a shorter ipsilateral exploration time of the extrapersonal space, whereas number, duration, and speed of saccades did not differ between the different stimulation settings. These results demonstrated reduced visuospatial attention toward the side contralateral to the right subthalamic nucleus that was not being stimulated in a unilateral left-sided stimulation. Turning on the right stimulator, the reduced visuospatial attention vanished. These results support the involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in modulating spatial attention. Therefore, the subthalamic nucleus is part of the subcortical network that subserves spatial attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T16:22:32Z","timestamp":1382372552000},"page":"543-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Subthalamic Nucleus Influences Visuospatial Attention in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Schmalbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Raethjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Wailke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Deuschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000373899900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21795","article-title":"Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: Release your horses.","volume":"66","author":"Ballanger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"2021073000373899900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2402638","article-title":"Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus.","volume":"249","author":"Bergman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073000373899900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl265","article-title":"Neural bases of personal and extrapersonal neglect in humans.","volume":"130","author":"Committeri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021073000373899900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060281","article-title":"A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.","volume":"355","author":"Deuschl","year":"2006","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2021073000373899900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.79","article-title":"Directional bias of initial visual exploration. A symptom of neglect in Parkinson's disease.","volume":"119","author":"Ebersbach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021073000373899900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state.\u201d A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"2021073000373899900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2006.03.006","article-title":"Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role for the subthalamic nucleus in decision making.","volume":"19","author":"Frank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"2021073000373899900_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146157","article-title":"Hold your horses: Impulsivity, deep brain stimulation, and medication in 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