{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:17:53Z","timestamp":1769638673721,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Humans show consistent differences in the extent to which their behavior reflects a bias toward appetitive approach-related behavior or avoidance of aversive stimuli [Elliot, A. J. Approach and avoidance motivation. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (pp. 3\u201314). New York: Psychology Press, 2008]. We examined the hypothesis that in healthy participants this motivational bias (assessed by self-report and by a probabilistic learning task that allows direct comparison of the relative sensitivity to reward and punishment) reflects lateralization of dopamine signaling. Using [F-18]fallypride to measure D2\/D3 binding, we found that self-reported motivational bias was predicted by the asymmetry of frontal D2 binding. Similarly, striatal and frontal asymmetries in D2 dopamine receptor binding, rather than absolute binding levels, predicted individual differences in learning from reward versus punishment. These results suggest that normal variation in asymmetry of dopamine signaling may, in part, underlie human personality and cognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T17:27:18Z","timestamp":1387301238000},"page":"1039-1048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Love to Win or Hate to Lose? Asymmetry of Dopamine D2 Receptor Binding Predicts Sensitivity to Reward versus Punishment"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Tomer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Wisconsin"}]},{"given":"Heleen A.","family":"Slagter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Wisconsin"}]},{"given":"Bradley T.","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Wisconsin"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Wisconsin"}]},{"given":"Carlye R.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Wisconsin"}]},{"given":"Dhanabalan","family":"Murali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Wisconsin"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Gluck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Rutgers University-Newark"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Wisconsin"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000411666500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.11.024","article-title":"Functional lateralization of the baso-lateral amygdala neural circuits modulating the motivated exploratory behaviour in rats: Role of histamine.","volume":"218","author":"Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2008.11.001","article-title":"Origins of asymmetry in the CNS.","volume":"20","author":"Andrew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.12.014","article-title":"Dissecting components of reward: \u201cLiking,\u201d \u201cwanting\u201d and learning.","volume":"9","author":"Berridge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pharmacology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(97)00050-X","article-title":"The origins of cerebral asymmetry: A review of evidence of behavioural and brain lateralization in fishes, reptiles and amphibians.","volume":"22","author":"Bisazza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp094","article-title":"Reward-learning and the novelty-seeking personality: A between- and within-subjects study of the effects of dopamine agonists on young Parkinson's patients.","volume":"132","author":"B\u00f3di","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.022","article-title":"Dopamine in motivational control: Rewarding, aversive, and alerting.","volume":"68","author":"Bromberg-Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00203.x","article-title":"Individual differences in ethanol self-administration following withdrawal are associated with asymmetric changes in dopamine and serotonin in the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.","volume":"30","author":"Carlson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.2.319","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS\u2013BAS scales.","volume":"67","author":"Carver","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20765","article-title":"PET studies of D2 receptor binding in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions: Biochemical support in vivo for separate dopaminergic systems in humans.","volume":"64","author":"Cervenka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3371","article-title":"Encoding asymmetry within neural circuits.","volume":"13","author":"Concha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4467-08.2009","article-title":"Striatal dopamine predicts outcome-specific reversal learning and its sensitivity to dopaminergic drug administration.","volume":"29","author":"Cools","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R13","first-page":"3","article-title":"Approach and avoidance motivation.","volume-title":"Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation","author":"Elliot","year":"2008"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.96","article-title":"Neurogenetics and pharmacology of learning, motivation and cognition.","volume":"36","author":"Frank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102941","article-title":"By carrot or by stick: Cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism.","volume":"306","author":"Frank","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-67783-0_8","article-title":"A critique of Eyesenck's theory of personality.","volume-title":"A model for personality","author":"Gray","year":"1981"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7291","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0363-11.2011","article-title":"Dorsal striatal D2-like receptor availability covaries with sensitivity to positive reinforcement during discrimination learning.","volume":"31","author":"Groman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8368","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0271-06.2006","article-title":"Reward-related cortical inputs define a large striatal region in primates that interface with associative cortical connections, providing a substrate for incentive-based learning.","volume":"26","author":"Haber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.129","article-title":"The reward circuit: Linking primate anatomy and human imaging.","volume":"35","author":"Haber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.034","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transmission in healthy humans during a passive monetary reward task.","volume":"39","author":"Hakyemez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.08.010","article-title":"The role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in emotion-related phenomena: A review and update.","volume":"84","author":"Harmon-Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00113-3","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and presynaptic dopamine function in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia.","volume":"35","author":"Hietala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000038000.34930.4E","article-title":"Strategies to improve neuroreceptor parameter estimation by linear regression analysis.","volume":"22","author":"Ichise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600493","article-title":"Consensus nomenclature for in vivo imaging of reversibly binding radioligands.","volume":"27","author":"Innis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)00036-6","article-title":"A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images.","volume":"5","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medical Image Analysis"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R26","first-page":"165","article-title":"Individual differences in approach and avoidance motivation in animals.","volume-title":"Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation","author":"Jones","year":"2008"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.269","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter binding in neuroleptic-na\u0131ve patients with schizophrenia studies with positron emission tomography.","volume":"157","author":"Laakso","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-199808000-00009","article-title":"Left-right asymmetry of striatal dopamine D2 receptors.","volume":"19","author":"Larisch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nuclear Medicine Communications"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199609000-00008","article-title":"Distribution volume ratios without blood sampling from graphical analysis of PET data.","volume":"16","author":"Logan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R30","first-page":"1936","article-title":"Correction of head movement on PET studies: Comparison of methods.","volume":"47","author":"Montgomery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10128","article-title":"Brain imaging of 18F-fallypride in normal volunteers: Blood analysis, distribution, test-retest studies, and preliminary assessment of sensitivity to aging effects on dopamine D-2\/D-3 receptors.","volume":"46","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-8051(94)00117-3","article-title":"Fluorinated benzamide neuroleptics-III. Development of (S)-N-[(1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2, 3-dimethoxybenzamide as an improved dopamine D-2 receptor tracer.","volume":"22","author":"Mukherjee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nuclear Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.3.3.207","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: A meta-analysis.","volume":"3","author":"Murphy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1058","article-title":"Nonparametric permutation tests for functional neuroimaging: A primer with examples.","volume":"15","author":"Nichols","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R36","article-title":"Asymmetric dopamine loss differentially affects effort to maximize gain or minimize loss.","author":"Porat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/155005941004100208","article-title":"Dopamine, reward and frontostriatal circuitry in impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: Insights from functional imaging.","volume":"41","author":"Ray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical EEG and Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0528-7","article-title":"A role for mesencephalic dopamine in activation: Commentary on Berridge (2006).","volume":"191","author":"Robbins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0668-9","article-title":"Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits.","volume":"191","author":"Salamone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.007","article-title":"Behavioral dopamine signals.","volume":"30","author":"Schultz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.04.002","article-title":"Electrophysiological ratio markers for the balance between reward and punishment.","volume":"24","author":"Schutter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws083","article-title":"Dopamine and performance in a reinforcement learning task: Evidence from parkinson's disease.","volume":"135","author":"Shiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00255","article-title":"PET evidence for a role for striatal dopamine in the attentional blink: Functional implications.","volume":"24","author":"Slagter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08043.x","article-title":"Decomposing effects of dopaminergic medication in parkinson's disease on probabilistic action selection\u2014Learning or performance?","volume":"35","author":"Smittenaar","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00413.x","article-title":"Prefrontal brain asymmetry: A biological substrate of the behavioral approach and inhibition systems.","volume":"8","author":"Sutton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1159\/000054889","article-title":"Dopaminergic lateralization in the forebrain: Relations to behavioral asymmetries and anxiety in male wistar rats.","volume":"43","author":"Thiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1009","article-title":"Mapping brain asymmetry.","volume":"4","author":"Toga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.024885","article-title":"Novelty seeking and harm avoidance in parkinson's disease: Effects of asymmetric dopamine deficiency.","volume":"75","author":"Tomer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2007.08.001","article-title":"Incentive motivation is associated with striatal dopamine asymmetry.","volume":"77","author":"Tomer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs277","article-title":"Dopamine asymmetries predict orienting bias in healthy individuals.","volume":"23","author":"Tomer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(95)00070-4","article-title":"Lateral asymmetries in infancy: Implications for the development of the hemispheres.","volume":"20","author":"Trevarthen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200201000-00005","article-title":"Age related decline in dopamine transporters analysis of striatal subregions, nonlinear effects, and hemispheric asymmetries.","volume":"10","author":"Van Dyck","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.07.007","article-title":"Why gamblers fail to win: A review of cognitive and neuroimaging findings in pathological gambling.","volume":"34","author":"van Holst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.013","article-title":"Asymmetry in dopamine D(2\/3) receptors of caudate nucleus is lost with age.","volume":"34","author":"Vernaleken","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.12.2015","article-title":"Low level of brain dopamine D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: Association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex.","volume":"158","author":"Volkow","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00078-8","article-title":"Valence, gender and lateralization of functional brain anatomy in emotion: A meta-analysis of findings from neuroimaging.","volume":"19","author":"Wager","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.05.015","article-title":"The genetic basis of individual differences in reward processing and the link to addictive behavior and social cognition.","volume":"164","author":"Yacubian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4643-03.2004","article-title":"Dopamine transmission in the human striatum during monetary reward tasks.","volume":"24","author":"Zald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000411666500_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424","article-title":"Segmentation of brain MR images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm.","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/26\/5\/1039\/1947236\/jocn_a_00544.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/26\/5\/1039\/1947236\/jocn_a_00544.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:46:39Z","timestamp":1627605999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/26\/5\/1039\/28120\/Love-to-Win-or-Hate-to-Lose-Asymmetry-of-Dopamine"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00544","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]}}}