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Adolescents (n = 92) underwent baseline assessments when they were 12 years old and follow-up assessments approximately 4 years later. At each assessment, structural MRI scans were acquired, and a modified Stroop task was performed. Results showed longitudinal improvements in reactive control between early and mid adolescence. Furthermore, magnitude of the improvement in proactive control was associated with reduced thinning of the right vlPFC across the sample, whereas the magnitude of the improvements in reactive control was associated with reduced thinning of the left ACC in men alone. These findings suggest that individual differences in the maturation of ACC and vlPFC underlie the development of two distinct forms of cognitive control between early and mid adolescence as well as highlight sex differences in this relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T17:27:18Z","timestamp":1387301238000},"page":"1118-1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prefrontal Structural Correlates of Cognitive Control during Adolescent Development: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nandita","family":"Vijayakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1The University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Whittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1The University 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