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The relevant and irrelevant locations were switched from trial to trial. Cells in the superficial layers of SC gave enhanced responses when the attended test stimulus was inside the receptive field compared with when the (physically identical) distractor was inside the field. These effects were found only in an \u201cautomatic\u201d attentional cueing paradigm, in which a peripheral stimulus explicitly cued the animal as to the relevant location in the receptive field. No attentional effects were found with block of trials. The transient enhancement to the attended stimulus was observed at the onset and not at the offset of the stimulus. Electrical stimulation at the site corresponding to the irrelevant distractor location in the SC causes it to gain control over attention, causing impaired performance of the task at the relevant location. Stimulation at unattended sites without the presence of a distractor stimulus causes little or no impairment in performance. The effect of stimulation decays with successive stimulations. The animals learn to ignore the stimulation unless the parameters of the task are varied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T16:41:47Z","timestamp":1390495307000},"page":"1208-1219","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of Microstimulation of the Superior Colliculus on Visual Space Attention"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gattass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Federal University of Rio de Janeiro"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Desimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2MIT"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000404589000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1982.48.2.338","article-title":"Visuomotor deficits following ablation of monkey superior colliculus.","volume":"48","author":"Albano","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(72)90135-7","article-title":"A representation of the visual field in the inferior nucleus of the pulvinar in the owl monkey.","volume":"40","author":"Allman","year":"1972","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235803","article-title":"Projections of the ascending somesthetic pathways to the cat superior colliculus visualized by the horseradish peroxidase technique.","volume":"31","author":"Baleydier","year":"1978","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R4","first-page":"16","article-title":"Why have multiple cortical areas?","volume":"51","author":"Barlow","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1967.sp008360","article-title":"The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination.","volume":"193","author":"Barlow","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal Physiology"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.46.3.672","article-title":"Retinotopic organization of macaque pulvinar.","volume":"46","author":"Bender","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.192666","article-title":"The neural basis of visual attention.","volume":"589","author":"Bisley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal Physiology"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077395","article-title":"Neuronal activity in the lateral intraparietal area and spatial attention.","volume":"299","author":"Bisley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.1.187","article-title":"Microstimulation of cortical area MT affects performance on a visual working memory task.","volume":"85","author":"Bisley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000404589000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.46.4.755","article-title":"Behavioral enhancement of visual responses in monkey cerebral cortex: I. 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