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Participants learned a visuospatial memory task under the presence of an odor. During subsequent SWS, the same odor, a different odor, or an odorless vehicle was presented. We found that odor re-exposure during sleep significantly improves memory only when the same odor was presented again, whereas exposure to a new odor or the odorless vehicle had no effect. The memory-enhancing effect of the congruent odor was accompanied by significant increases in frontal delta (1.5\u20134.5 Hz) and parietal fast spindle (13.0\u201315.0 Hz) power as well as by an increased negative-to-positive slope of the frontal slow oscillation. Our results indicate that odor-induced memory reactivations are odor specific and trigger changes in slow-wave and spindle power possibly reflecting a bottom\u2013up influence of hippocampal memory replay on cortical slow oscillations as well as thalamo-cortical sleep spindles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T16:41:47Z","timestamp":1390495307000},"page":"1806-1818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Reactivating Memories during Sleep by Odors: Odor Specificity and Associated Changes in Sleep Oscillations"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Julia S.","family":"Rihm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Diekelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of T\u00fcbingen, 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