{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:35:08Z","timestamp":1768282508281,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Episodic memory is associated with the encoding and retrieval of context information and with a subjective sense of reexperiencing past events. The neural correlates of episodic retrieval have been extensively studied using fMRI, leading to the identification of a \u201cgeneral recollection network\u201d including medial temporal, parietal, and prefrontal regions. However, in these studies, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of context retrieval from recollection. In this study, we used fMRI to determine the extent to which the recruitment of regions in the recollection network is contingent on context reinstatement. Participants were scanned during a cued recognition test for target words from encoded sentences. Studied target words were preceded by either a cue word studied in the same sentence (thus congruent with encoding context) or a cue word studied in a different sentence (thus incongruent with encoding context). Converging fMRI results from independently defined ROIs and whole-brain analysis showed regional specificity in the recollection network. Activity in hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex was specifically increased during successful retrieval following congruent context cues, whereas parietal and prefrontal components of the general recollection network were associated with confident retrieval irrespective of contextual congruency. Our findings implicate medial temporal regions in the retrieval of semantic context, contributing to, but dissociable from, recollective experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T14:21:25Z","timestamp":1393251685000},"page":"1694-1704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Brain Mechanisms of Successful Recognition through Retrieval of Semantic Context"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kristin E.","family":"Flegal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Davis"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Mar\u00edn-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Salamanca"}]},{"given":"J. Daniel","family":"Ragland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Davis"}]},{"given":"Charan","family":"Ranganath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Davis"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000444947000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99002034","article-title":"Episodic memory, amnesia and the hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis.","volume":"22","author":"Aggleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290903534150","article-title":"Bilateral parietal cortex damage does not impair associative memory for paired stimuli.","volume":"26","author":"Berryhill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.019","article-title":"Role of parietal regions in episodic memory retrieval: The dual attentional processes hypothesis.","volume":"46","author":"Cabeza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4943","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1209-09.2010","article-title":"Top\u2013down and bottom\u2013up attention to memory are dissociated in posterior parietal cortex: Neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence.","volume":"30","author":"Ciaramelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:2\/3<109::AID-HBM7>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Optimal experimental design for event-related fMRI.","volume":"8","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.10.012","article-title":"Item, context and relational episodic encoding in humans.","volume":"16","author":"Davachi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.011","article-title":"Does lateral parietal cortex support episodic memory? Evidence from focal lesion patients.","volume":"46","author":"Davidson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.08.001","article-title":"Imaging recollection and familiarity in the medial temporal lobe: A three-component model.","volume":"11","author":"Diana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.035","article-title":"Adaptation to cognitive context and item information in the medial temporal lobes.","volume":"50","author":"Diana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034029","article-title":"Parahippocampal cortex activation during context reinstatement predicts item recollection.","volume":"142","author":"Diana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/02724990444000203","article-title":"The roles of perirhinal cortex, postrhinal cortex, and the fornix in memory for objects, contexts, and events in the rat.","volume":"58","author":"Eacott","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094328","article-title":"The medial temporal lobe and recognition memory.","volume":"30","author":"Eichenbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.08.025","article-title":"The eyes have it: Hippocampal activity predicts expression of memory in eye movements.","volume":"63","author":"Hannula","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00202","article-title":"Overlap between the neural correlates of cued recall and source memory: Evidence for a generic recollection network.","volume":"24","author":"Hayama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.01.015","article-title":"Hippocampal activation patterns carry information about objects in temporal context.","volume":"81","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.919109","article-title":"Posterior parietal cortex and episodic retrieval: Convergent and divergent effects of attention and memory.","volume":"16","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Learning and Memory"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl156","article-title":"Recollection and the reinstatement of encoding-related cortical activity.","volume":"17","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.1.3","article-title":"Source monitoring.","volume":"114","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.001","article-title":"Familiarity and recollection produce distinct eye movement, pupil and medial temporal lobe responses when memory strength is matched.","volume":"50","author":"Kafkas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0624-04.2004","article-title":"Functional-neuroanatomic correlates of recollection: Implications for models of recognition memory.","volume":"24","author":"Kahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.2.163","article-title":"The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A construction-integration model.","volume":"95","author":"Kintsch","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(70)80002-0","article-title":"Effects of changed semantic context on recognition memory.","volume":"9","author":"Light","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749208401327","article-title":"Amnesics have a disproportionately severe memory deficit for interactive context.","volume":"45","author":"Mayes","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(85)80026-5","article-title":"Is organic amnesia caused by a selective deficit in remembering contextual information?","volume":"21","author":"Mayes","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20853","article-title":"The role of recollection and familiarity in the functional differentiation of the medial temporal lobes.","volume":"20","author":"Montaldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639508405123","article-title":"Recovered consciousness: A hypothesis concerning modularity and episodic memory.","volume":"17","author":"Moscovitch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195323245.003.0002","article-title":"The hippocampus and context revisited.","volume-title":"Hippocampal place fields: Relevance to learning and memory","author":"Nadel","year":"2008"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R28","unstructured":"Nelson, D. L., \n            \n              McEvoy, C. L., & \n            \n              Schreiber, T. A.\n           (1998). The University of South Florida word association, rhyme, and word fragment norms. www.usf.edu\/FreeAssociation\/."},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm130","article-title":"The relationship between study processing and the effects of cue congruency at retrieval: fMRI support for transfer appropriate processing.","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2003.09.008","article-title":"Recall and recognition in mild hypoxia: Using covariance structural modeling to test competing theories of explicit memory.","volume":"42","author":"Quamme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20852","article-title":"A unified framework for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes and the phenomenology of episodic memory.","volume":"20","author":"Ranganath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721410368805","article-title":"Binding items and contexts: The cognitive neuroscience of episodic memory.","volume":"19","author":"Ranganath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.11.005","article-title":"Brain networks underlying episodic memory retrieval.","volume":"23","author":"Rugg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.49.1.289","article-title":"The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory.","volume":"49","author":"Schacter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.20.1.11","article-title":"Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions.","volume":"20","author":"Scoville","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.031","article-title":"Construction of a 3D probabilistic atlas of human cortical structures.","volume":"39","author":"Shattuck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38136.x","article-title":"Memory and the prefrontal cortex.","volume":"769","author":"Shimamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-011-0031-4","article-title":"Episodic retrieval and the cortical binding of relational activity.","volume":"11","author":"Shimamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.024","article-title":"Is the parietal lobe necessary for recollection in humans?","volume":"46","author":"Simons","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp116","article-title":"Dissociation between memory accuracy and memory confidence following bilateral parietal lesions.","volume":"20","author":"Simons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15693","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3438-11.2011","article-title":"The hippocampus supports both recollection and familiarity when memories are strong.","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.02.028","article-title":"Event-related fMRI studies of episodic encoding and retrieval: Meta-analyses using activation likelihood estimation.","volume":"47","author":"Spaniol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.99.2.195","article-title":"Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.","volume":"99","author":"Squire","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R44","volume-title":"Elements of episodic memory.","author":"Tulving","year":"1983"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080017","article-title":"Memory and consciousness.","volume":"26","author":"Tulving","year":"1985","journal-title":"Canadian Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114","article-title":"Episodic memory: From mind to brain.","volume":"53","author":"Tulving","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030186","article-title":"Retrieval processes in recognition memory: Effects of associative context.","volume":"87","author":"Tulving","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1037\/h0020071","article-title":"Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.","volume":"80","author":"Tulving","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1037\/h0022014","article-title":"False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses.","volume":"70","author":"Underwood","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5442","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812097106","article-title":"Impaired recollection but spared familiarity in patients with extended hippocampal system damage revealed by 3 convergent methods.","volume":"106","author":"Vann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.004","article-title":"Memory retrieval and the parietal cortex: A review of evidence from a dual-process perspective.","volume":"46","author":"Vilberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.07.001","article-title":"Parietal lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval.","volume":"9","author":"Wagner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20716","article-title":"Hippocampal signals for strong memory when associative memory is available and when it is not.","volume":"21","author":"Wais","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.05.029","article-title":"Dissociable neural correlates of item and context retrieval in the medial temporal lobes.","volume":"254","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700000655","article-title":"Frontal lobe damage produces episodic memory impairment.","volume":"1","author":"Wheeler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-09-03869.2003","article-title":"Functional dissociation among components of remembering: Control, perceived oldness, and content.","volume":"23","author":"Wheeler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.03.005","article-title":"The medial temporal lobe and the attributes of memory.","volume":"15","author":"Wixted","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1635","article-title":"Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data.","volume":"8","author":"Yarkoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.05.011","article-title":"What is the parietal lobe contribution to long-term memory?","volume":"48","author":"Yazar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110414","article-title":"Continuous theta burst stimulation of angular gyrus reduces subjective recollection","author":"Yazar","year":""},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R61","first-page":"1341","article-title":"Receiver-operating characteristics in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process model.","volume":"20","author":"Yonelinas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.3.361","article-title":"Consciousness, control, and confidence: The 3 Cs of recognition memory.","volume":"130","author":"Yonelinas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20864","article-title":"Recollection and familiarity: Examining controversial assumptions and new directions.","volume":"20","author":"Yonelinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2021073000444947000_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20982","article-title":"Hippocampal activity during recognition memory co-varies with the accuracy and confidence of source memory judgments.","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hippocampus"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/26\/8\/1694\/1947702\/jocn_a_00587.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/26\/8\/1694\/1947702\/jocn_a_00587.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:53:50Z","timestamp":1627606430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/26\/8\/1694\/28174\/Brain-Mechanisms-of-Successful-Recognition-through"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00587","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]}}}